Single-Cell Microgels for Diagnostics and Therapeutics

Cell encapsulation within hydrogel droplets is transforming what is feasible in multiple fields of biomedical science such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, in vitro modeling, and cell-based therapies. Recent advances have allowed researchers to miniaturize material encapsulation complexes down to single-cell scales, where each complex, termed a single-cell microgel, contains only one cell surrounded by a hydrogel matrix while remaining <100 μm in size. With this achievement, studies requiring single-cell resolution are now possible, similar to those done using liquid droplet encapsulation. Of particular note, applications involving long-term in vitro cultures, modular bioinks, high-throughput screenings, and formation of 3D cellular microenvironments can be tuned independently to suit the needs of individual cells and experimental goals. In this progress report, an overview of established materials and techniques used to fabricate single-cell microgels, as well as insight into potential alternatives is provided. This focused review is concluded by discussing applications that have already benefited from single-cell microgel technologies, as well as prospective applications on the cusp of achieving important new capabilities.     

The corrosion of mild and stainless steel in alkaline anaerobic conditions representing the Belgian “supercontainer” concept and the Swiss L/ILW repository

Deep geological repositories for radioactive waste contain metallic materials, either used to construct disposal canisters or as low-/intermediate-level waste (L/ILW). The safety relevance of corrosion is linked to canister lifetime in the former case and gas generation in the latter. More specifically, the Belgian “supercontainer” concept envisages mild steel for the used fuel disposal canister, and in the case of the Swiss L/ILW repository, mild steels are the largest metallic waste component due to the decommissioning of civilian power-generating facilities. For these circumstances, the corrosion environment is dominated by the chemistry of cement, which is used as buffer or backfill material. The corrosion behaviour of mild steel in anoxic environments was studied through the analysis of the hydrogen end-product. Hydrogen analysis was conducted by periodically purging the cell head-space and analysing the gas using a solid-state hydrogen sensor. While this method is limited to providing only uniform corrosion rates averaged over periods of time, ranging from weeks to months, it provides excellent resolution and sensitivity. The test cell environments were matched against the anticipated Belgian high-level waste and Swiss L/ILW repository environments, and also against experiments that have been conducted by other researchers for comparative purposes. Samples were exposed to synthetic cement pore waters, representing fresh and degraded cement. In young cement waters, the formation of initial corrosion products resulted in steel wire corrosion rates of the order of µm/year, which, at 80°C rapidly declined to ∼10 nm/year. In contrast, SA516 grade 70 steel plate corroded much more slowly under similar conditions. In aged cement waters, initial corrosion rates were higher but declined faster towards a longer-term rate of ∼10 nm/year. 316L stainless steel, embedded in cementitious material, corroded at a rate of <1 nm/year at 50°C.     

Héctor Wittwer (2020) Das Leben beenden. Über eine Ethik der Selbsttötung

Ethik in der Medizin -     

景迈山古茶林文化景观保护修复设计

1项目背景景迈山位于中国滇西南地区怒山余脉形成的群山之中,三面被澜沧江支流南门河及南朗河环绕,是相对独立的地理单元。当地属于中山海拔、季风气候,干湿季分明。2012年,“普洱景迈山古茶林文化景观”被列入中国世界遗产预备名录,2021年被推荐为2022年中国申报世界遗产项目。     

住宅设计中类型学方法的探索--谈类型学的方法在一次联合设计中的运用

结合中德学生的一次联合设计,简要地介绍了类型学与文化的关系,以及国外建筑师对于住宅中的类型学研究,试图运用类型学方法将现代住宅设计与中国文化相结合.     

重庆：重点明确 措施有力 效能监察稳步推进

按照建设部、监察部的统一部署和要求,重庆市在充分认清国家开展宏观调控形势、准确把握全市工作大局的基础上,紧密结合实际,着重围绕城市总体规划编制及执行情况等重点检查内容,在全市范围内大力开展监督检查,及时纠正和解决检查中发现的问题,推进了城乡规划效能监察工作的深入开展.     

智能建筑计算机网络的实验教学

针对智能建筑工程建筑智能化系统设计选型的需要 ,总结出了相应的计算机网络知识结构 ,包括数据通信原理、计算机网络原理、信息网络、控制网络、网络集成、网络计算模式、网络操作系统、网络安全及网络管理等 9个领域。设计了 7个计算机网络相关实验 ,并给出了实验教学大纲摘要     

The first years as independent actors in the housing market: Young households in a Swedish municipality

This study deals with young households at the beginning of their housing career. During the 1990s, a tendency of the young to leave the parental home at a later age than during previous decades was discussed. With extended education, rising housing costs and a shortage of rental housing, difficulties in finding an affordable place to live could be expected to have increased. Parental resources are of increasing importance in times of recession. The aim of this study was to follow the first steps in the housing careers of young individuals in a Swedish municipality and to investigate the time of nest-leaving and the choice of tenure for their first and second moves. Individuals aged 16–25 years in the municipality of Gävle, Sweden, were included in the study. Longitudinal data for the years 1985–1995 were used. To capture changes over time, the nest-leaving situations of two cohorts were compared. Results indicate that the individuals in the 1973 cohort leave home at a higher age than do those in the 1968 cohort. A surprisingly large share move into tenant co-operatives. Such moves, as well as moves into owner occupation, occurred mainly within Gävleborg County. Individuals moving to other municipalities outside the county moved to a larger extent into rental housing.     

承德某区域集中供热设计

本文针对区域复杂的地形环境、热源的局限性以及城市现状与未来的发展对供热的需求差别,经综合分析比较,该集中供热系统采取短期直供,待电厂具备抽汽加热能力之后改为间接供热的形式。阐述了直供中为克服地形高差大等设计难题而采取的在系统主管网上设置减压站、中继泵站等一系列安全措施。运行情况表明该系统设计是成功的。