C/C复合材料断口热解炭及其界面形貌SEM分析

采用SEM，以增强体为薄毡叠层、基体分别为光滑层及粗糙层结构化学气相沉积热解炭的2种C／C复合材料为研究对象，了三点弯曲试样断口上热解炭及热解炭／热解炭界面的形貌特征，并分析了其成因。结果表明：在垂直于炭纤维轴向的断面上，光滑层结构热解炭未发生塑性变形，但粗糙层结构热解炭发生了明显的塑性变形；在平行于炭纤维轴向的断面上，光滑层结构热解炭／热解炭界面呈光滑状，而粗糙层结构热解炭／热解炭界面呈鳞片状，鳞片的周边粗糙，内部光滑。认为鳞片结构的产生与化学气相沉积过程相关，并对此提出了假设模型：两相邻热解炭生长到界面时，在鳞片周边部位互生长形成真正的结合，使鳞片内部形成封闭的空隙或使气流无法通过鳞片内部，造成鳞片内部的伪结合。     

树脂浸渍补充增密对C/C复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

将CVD预增密至不同初始密度的C／C复合材料进行树脂浸渍／炭化补充增密至1.85g/cm^3，热处理后进行热物理性能的检测和不同刹车压力的摩擦磨损试验。结果表明，树脂浸渍／炭化是一种行之有效的快速致密化手段，所得制品的可石墨化性较好，导热性能也满足国外同类产品的要求；摩擦磨损试验和扫描电镜（SEM）观察结果表明，低一压力下形成的磨屑粒度明显大于高压下的磨屑，因而低压下的摩擦数高于高刹车压力下的摩擦系数。低压下的树脂炭对摩擦磨损的影响相对较大。     

航空刹车用炭/炭复合材料沥青浸渍法增密研究

以CVD工艺预增密至一定密度的自制刹车用炭/炭(C/C)复合材料和国外C/C复合材料刹车片为研究对象,分别采用中温沥青及高温沥青为浸渍剂,对C/C刹车片进行浸清-炭化新工艺补充增密处理.结果表明:自制及国外C/C刹车片均具有较好的可浸渍性;可以采用沥青浸渍-炭化法高效增密;两种沥青相比,高温沥青残炭率更高,但也易产生难石墨化炭;针对整个沥青而言的宏观残炭率与只针对样品而言的实际残炭率的差距随着炭化压力提高而变小,因而,为了快速制取C/C复合材料刹车片,必须提高炭化压力;新工艺补充增密后C/C复合材料刹车片样品各项性能比增密前均有显著的提高.     

不同基体炭C/C复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

以炭纤维针刺毡为预制体,采用化学气相沉积法(CVI)和结合液相浸渍树脂或沥青法制备了热解炭为粗糙层与光滑层结构的准三维C/C复合材料,并研究了这些材料在0.6 MPa的模拟刹车压力下的摩擦磨损性能与磨损机理.研究表明:基体炭为粗糙层热解炭与树脂炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面能形成较厚且连续的自润滑摩擦膜,摩擦稳定性最好,摩擦因数适中,氧化磨损小,磨损机理主要为膜的部分脱落、氧化磨损与相对较小的磨粒磨损;基体炭为光滑层热解炭与树脂炭或沥青炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面形成的摩擦膜较薄且不连续,摩擦稳定性差,摩擦磨损较大,磨损机制主要为膜的部分脱落、磨粒磨损与更严重的氧化磨损;随着密度的升高,C/C复合材料摩擦稳定性增加,摩擦因数增加,磨损降低;基体炭为单一沥青炭的C/C复合材料,由于没有热解炭对纤维的保护,纤维断裂多,线性磨损尤其大,磨损机理主要为大量的磨粒磨损与氧化磨损.     

Friction and wear properties of pitch／resin densified carbon—carbon composites used for airbrakes

By use of X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscope(SEM),the friction and wear results obtained from MM-1000 dynamometer tests of CVI pitch/resin C/C composites were analyzed.By investigating the factors that affected the friction and wear properties,such as matrix carbon,applcation environment,graphitization degree and brake pressure,etc,friction and wear mechanism of carbon materials were probed.The results indicate that pitch densified CVI initially treated composite is more graphitizable with its graphitization degree up 59 62%,and which results in uniform small debris easier to generate,more smooth friction curves with the coefficient of 0.3-0.4 and relatively higher wear and mass loss,compared with CVI/resin C/C composites.It was further proved by SEM observation that tribological behavior of C/C composite was system dependent.Factors determining the friction and wear properties such as the size of debris and its influence on friction and wear,brake pressure,graphization degree and debris bilm formation interacted and affected each other.The friction and wear mechanism of C/C composites under different high temperature treatments needs further research.     

液相浸渍法制备C／C复合材料

介绍了液相渍炭纤维坯体的两种方法。探讨了沥青浸渍和树脂浸渍的浸渍过程和增密效果,比较了两种浸渍方法的相似之处和不同之处。     

B_2型FeAl金属间化合物的制备及性能研究进展

对B2型FeAl合金的制备和性能研究现状进行了综述和分析.FeAl合金的制备工艺主要包括熔铸法和粉末冶金两种.FeAl合金的室温韧性可以通过合金化、细化晶粒、热处理和复合韧化等方法改善.合金化对提高FeAl高温强度和蠕变抗力有效,通过引入第二相粒子实现沉淀强化和弥散强化的效果最好,合金的使用温度有望提高到700℃以上.     

局域图形上的碳纳米管可控生长及转移

射频通信领域中,开关触点材料对射频微电子机械系统(RF MEMS)开关的性能影响很大.在图形化的二氧化硅(SiO2)基底上采用热化学气相沉积(TCVD)法通过“分段”方法生长出了长度为1 ～ 20 μm可控的垂直均匀的优质碳纳米管(CNT)微阵列,并结合MEMS工艺将CNT/Au复合触点转移到了玻璃基底上.转移前在面积分别为30～ 120 μm2碳管阵列顶端镀金,测量出CNT/Au电极阻值分布在0.429～0.612 Ω,与相同面积Au电极(0.421 Ω)导电性能相差不大.因此,CNT/Au是一种潜在优良的MEMS开关触点材料.     

添加镀镍碳纳米管对注射成形FeAl显微组织与性能的影响

为研究碳纳米管(CNTs)对FeAl金属间化合物的增强增韧作用,采用机械合金化FeAl粉末和注射成形工艺制备出CNTs-FeAl复合材料.研究了化学镀镍处理对CNTs分散性和高温稳定性的影响.结果表明,表面镀镍可以显著改善CNTs在FeAl粉末中的分散性,并有利于减轻CNTs与FeAl基体的高温反应,从而显著提高了注射成形FeAl的抗拉性能.在烧结温度1 230℃、保温105min条件下,制备出了抗拉强度和伸长率分别为430 MPa和4.0%的CNTs-FeAl复合材料.     

Densification of in situ prepared mesocarbon microbead/carbon nanotube composites by hot-press sintering

In situ prepared mesocarbon microbead/carbon nanotube(MCMB/CNT) composites are potential precursors of high density carbon materials for various applications. Integrated MCMB/CNT composites were successfully fabricated by hot-press sintering at 550 ℃ under 30 MPa. After further calcination at 900 ℃, the hot-press sintering fabricated MCMB block has an apparent density of 1.77 g/cm3 and the open porosity 5.1%. With the addition of 5%(mass fraction) CNTs, the density of the composite block is elevated to 1.84 g/cm3, and its open porosity is reduced to 3.5%. The flexural strength of composite block with 5% CNTs is elevated to 116 MPa. Through the hot-press sintering, pores of 10-50 nm in the calcinated bulks are remarkably eliminated. The interstice between microbeads in the composite blocks is filled up by CNTs together with β-resin and quinoline-insoluble spheres, which can further contribute to the densification.