煤柱破碎裂隙漏风塑性封堵技术研究

煤柱破碎是工作面漏风的主要原因之一,对于井下区段煤柱、瓦斯抽放孔围岩、煤巷及半煤岩巷围岩松动圈等在动压下压裂、破碎形成的漏风通道,一直缺乏有效的封堵手段,为克服当前破碎煤岩体内细微漏风裂隙的封堵难题,改善现有封堵材料的不足,提出了塑性封堵防灭火技术,即时填充新的压裂破碎空间,极大地提高了封堵材料的针对性、应变性及动态性。     

独居石脱除工业硫酸锌溶液中氟的吸附性能

采用独居石对工业硫酸锌溶液进行吸附脱氟,研究吸附时间、吸附温度、吸附剂添加量、pH等工艺参数对脱氟效果的影响,分析其吸附动力学及等温线特征,初步探讨独居石的脱氟机理。结果表明:独居石中的铈与工业硫酸锌溶液中氟的相互作用使氟得以脱除;采用独居石吸附脱氟符合伪一级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温线模型,其最大理论吸附容量可达5.29 mg/g;当工业硫酸锌溶液在温度70℃、吸附时间65 min、添加量为25 g/L、pH值为1时,氟的脱除率可达到46.06%,具有良好的脱氟效果。     

Na_3AlF_6-K_3AlF_6-AlF_3-LiF-CaF_2-MgF_2-Al_2O_3熔盐的初晶温度

采用热分析法研究K_3AlF_6、LiF和AlF_3等含量对铝电解质Na_3AlF_6-K_3AlF_6-AlF_3-LiF-CaF_2-MgF_2-Al_2O_3熔盐初晶温度的影响,分析熔盐组成对初晶温度的影响机制。结果表明:含Li熔盐初晶温度随K_3AlF_6含量的增加而降低,当熔盐中LiF含量分别为0和4%(质量分数)时,随着熔盐中K_3AlF_6含量从3%增加至12%,熔盐初晶温度分别降低27.4℃和21.2℃;LiF对含K电解质熔盐初晶温度有降低作用,当熔盐中K_3AlF_6含量分别为0和6%,随着熔盐中LiF含量从0增加到4%,熔盐的初晶温度分别降低31.2℃和27℃;AlF_3对Li、K共存复杂电解质熔盐初晶温度有降低作用,当熔盐中LiF含量为1%、K_3AlF_6含量为9%时,熔盐中AlF_3含量每增加1%,熔盐的初晶温度将降低6.3℃;而当熔盐不含Li、K时,熔盐中AlF_3的含量每增加1%,可引起熔盐初晶温度的降低值为7.6℃。复杂电解质熔盐中锂盐和钾盐分别以Li_2NaAlF_6和K_2NaAlF_6形式存在,其在熔盐中含量是影响熔盐初晶温度的主要原因。     

LiF对Na_3AlF_6-K_3AlF_6-AlF_3熔体初晶温度和Al_2O_3溶解度的影响

采用步冷曲线法测定Na3AlF6-K3AlF6-AlF3-LiF熔体的初晶温度,采用旋转刚玉片质量损失法测定Al2O3在Na3AlF6-K3AlF6-AlF3-LiF熔体中的溶解度。结果表明:当LiF添加量在0～4%范围内时,每添加1%LiF使Na3AlF6-K3AlF6-AlF3熔体的初晶温度降低3～4.7℃,小于Na3AlF6-AlF3熔体中添加LiF后初晶温度的影响;在0～3%的范围内,每添加1%LiF将使Al2O3在Na3AlF6-K3AlF6-AlF3熔体中的溶解度降低0.23%～0.55%。     

Effect of electrolysis superheat degree on anticorrosion performance of 5 Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4） cermet inert anode

5Cu/(10NiO-NiFe2O4) cermet inert anodes were prepared by cold-pressing and sintering process, and the effect of superheat degree of melting K3AlF6-Na3AlF6-AlF3 on their anticorrosion performance was studied under electrolysis conditions. The results show that, the fluctuation of cell becomes small with increasing of superheat degree, which is helpful to inhibit the formation of cathodic encrustation; the concentration of impurities from inert anode in bath goes up to certain degree, but it is far smaller than those in traditional high-temperature bath. Increasing the superheat degree of melting K3AlF6-Na3AlF6-AlF3 has unconspicuous effect on the contents of impurities in cathodic aluminum. The total mass fractions of Fe, Ni and Cu in aluminum are 15.38% and 15.09% respectively under superheat degree of 95 and 195 ℃. From micro-topography of anode used view, increasing the superheat degree can aggravate corrosion of metal Cu in inert anode, and has negative influence on electrical conductivity of electrode to some extent.     

Electrical conductivity of (Na_3AlF_6-40%K_3AlF_6)-AlF_3-Al_2O_3 melts

The effects of contents of AlF3 and Al2O3,and temperature on electrical conductivity of (Na3AlF6-40%K3AlF6)-AlF3-Al2O3 were studied by continuously varying cell constant (CVCC) technique.The results show that the conductivities of melts increase with the increase of temperature,but by different extents.Every increasing 10 ℃ results in an increase of 1.85×10-2,1.86×10-2,1.89×10-2 and 2.20×10-2 S/cm in conductivity for the (Na3AlF6-40%K3AlF6)-AlF3 melts containing 0%,20%,24%,and 30% AlF3,respectively.An increase of every 10 ℃ in temperature results an increase about 1.89×10-2,1.94×10-2,1.95×10-2,1.99×10-2 and 2.10×10-2 S/cm for (Na3AlF6-40%K3AlF6)-AlF3-Al2O3 melts containing 0%,1%,2%,3% and 4% A12O3,respectively.The activation energy of conductance was calculated based on Arrhenius equation.Every increasing 1% of AlF3 results in a decrease of 0.019 and 0.020 S/cm in conductivity for (Na3AlF6-40%K3AlF6)-AIF3 melts at 900 and 1 000 ℃,respectively.Every increase of 1% Al2O3 results in a decrease of 0.07 S/cm in conductivity for (Na3AlF6-40%K3AlF6)-AlF3-Al2O3 melts.The activation energy of conductance increases with the increase in content of AlF3 and Al2O3.     

Effect of CaO doping on corrosion resistance of Cu/（NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermet inert anode for aluminum electrolysis

The CaO-doped Cu/（NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermet inert anodes were prepared by the cold isostatie pressing-sintering process, and their corrosion resistance to Na3AlF6-K3AlF6-Al203 melt was studied. The results show that the relative density of 5Cu/（NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermet sintered at 1 200 ℃ increases from 82.83% to 97.63% when 2% CaO （mass fraction） is added. During the electrolysis, the relative density of cermet inert anode descends owing to the chemical dissolution of additive CaO at ceramic grain boundary, which accelerates the penetration of electrolyte. Thus, the corrosion resistance to melts of Cu/（NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermet inert anode is reduced. To improve the corrosion resistance of the cermet inert anode, the content of CaO doped should be decreased and the technology of cleaning the ceramic grain boundary should be applied.     

Electrical conductivity of （Na3AlF6-40%K3AlF6）-AlF3-Al2O3 melts

The effects of contents of AlF3 and Al2O3, and temperature on electrical conductivity of （Na3AlF6-40%K3AlF6）- AlF3-Al2O3 were studied by continuously varying cell censtant （CVCC） technique. The results show that the conductivities of melts increase with the increase of temperature, but by different extents. Every increasing 10 ℃ results in an increase of 1.85 × 10^-2, 1.86× 10^-2, 1.89 × 10^-2 and 2.20 × 10^-2 S/cm in conductivity for the （Na3AlF6-40%K3AlF6）-AlF3 melts containing 0%, 20%, 24%, and 30% AlF3, respectively. An increase of every 10 ℃ in temperature results an increase about 1.89× 10^-2, 1.94 × 10^-2, 1.95 × 10^-2, 1.99× 10^-2 and 2.10× 10^-2 S/cm for （Na3AlF6-40%K3AlF6）-AlF3-Al2O3 melts containing 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% Al2O3, respectively. The activation energy of conductance was calculated based on Arrhenius equation. Every increasing 1% of AlF3 results in a decrease of 0.019 and 0.020 S/cm in conductivity for （Na3AlF6-40%K3AlF6）-AlF3 melts at 900 and 1 000 ℃, respectively. Every increase of 1% Al2O3 results in a decrease of 0.07 S/cm in conductivity for （Na3AlF6-40%K3AlF6）-AlF3-Al2O3 melts. The activation energy of conductance increases with the increase in content of AlF3 and Al2O3.     

Na3A1F6-K3A1F6-A1F3熔体的电导率研究

通过连续改变电导池常数法（CVCC）,用自制的电导率测试装置研究KCl溶液与熔融KCl的电导率。实验证明连续改变电导池常数法能满足于一般的科学实验要求,自制的电导率测试装跫能满足常温实验和高温实验的电导率测试要求。通过此装置测定了钾冰晶石在（Na3AlF6＋K3AlF6）熔体中的含量为40％,AlF3在（Na3AlF6＋K3AlF6＋AlF3）混合熔体中的含量分别为0、20％、24％和30％的电导率,实验还讨论了AlF3含量对电导率的影响。