Microstructure and mechanical behavior of laser aided additive manufactured low carbon interstitial Fe49.5Mn30Co10Cr10C0.5 multicomponent alloy

Laser aided additive manufacturing(LAAM)was used to fabricate bulk Fe49.5Mn30Co10Cr10C0.5 interstitial multicomponent alloy using pre-alloyed powder.The room temperature yield strength(σy),ultimate tensile strength(σUTS)and elongation(εUST)were 645 MPa,917 MPa and 27.0％respectively.The as-built sample consisted of equiaxed and dendritic cellular structures formed by elemental segregation.These cellular structures together with oxide particle inclusions were deemed to strengthen the material.The other contributing components include dislocation strengthening,friction stress and grain bound-ary strengthening.The high εUTS was attributed to dislocation motion and activation of both twinning and transformation-induced plasticity(TWIP and TRIP).Tensile tests performed at-40℃and-130℃demonstrated superior tensile strength of 1041 MPa and 1267 MPa respectively.However,almost no twinning was observed in the fractured sample tested at-40℃and-130℃.Instead,higher fraction of strain-induced hexagonal close-packed(HCP)ε phase transformation of 21.2％were observed for fractured sample tested at-40℃,compared with 6.3％in fractured room temperature sample.     

Methods and mechanisms for uniformly refining deformed mixed and coarse grains inside a solution-treated Ni-based superalloy by two-stage heat treatment

The uniform refinement mechanisms and methods of deformed mixed and coarse grains inside a solution-treatment Ni-based superalloy during two-stage annealing treatment have been investigated.The two-stage heat treatment experiments include an aging annealing treatment(AT)and a subsequent recrystallization annealing treatment(RT).The object of AT is to precipitate some δ phases and consume part of storage energy to inhibit the grain growth during RT,while the RT is to refine mixed and coarse grains by recrystallization.It can be found that the recrystallization grains will quickly grow up to a large size when the AT time is too low or the RT temperature is too high,while the deformed coarse grains cannot be eliminated when the AT time is too long or the RT temperature is too low.In addition,the mixed microstructure composed of some abnormal coarse recrystallization grains(ACRGs)and a large number of fine grains can be observed in the annealed specimen when the AT time is 3 h and RT tem-perature is 980℃.The phenomenon attributes to the uneven distribution of δ phase resulted from the heterogeneous deformation energy when the AT time is too short.In the regions with a large number of δ phases,the recrystallization nucleation rate is promoted and the growth of grains is limited,which results in fine grains.However,in the regions with few δ phases,the recrystallization grains around grain boundaries can easily grow up,and the new recrystallization nucleus is difficult to form inside grain,which leads to ACRGs.Thus,in order to obtain uniform and fine annealed microstructure,it is a prereq-uisite to precipitate even-distributed δ phase by choosing a suitable AT time,such as 12 h.Moreover,a relative high RT temperature is also needed to promote the recrystallization nucleation around δ phase.The optimal annealing parameters range for uniformly refining mixed crystal can be summarized as:900℃×12 h+990℃×(40-60 min)and 900℃×12 h+1000℃×(10-15 min).     

Flash Lamps as Ignition and Initiation Sources of the VS-2 Pyrotechnic Composition

In the present work it is found that the pyrotechnic composition VS-2 can be initiated with flash lamps IFC-500 and EVIS. VS-2 pyrotechnic composition contains 90% of mercury（Ⅱ） 5-hydrazinotetrazolate perchlorate and 10% of optically transparent copolymer of 2-methyl-5-vinyltetrazole and methacrylic acid （PVMT）. We have found that the flash lamps make it possible to initiate combustion of VS-2 composition with its transition to detonation both in cylindrical charges placed in brass caps of 5 mm diameter and 2 mm high， and film charges with 10 mm×80 mm in size and surface weights of 60 mg·cm^-2 and 90 mg·cm^-2， showing ignition delay times 10 μs and 3 μs， respectively. We also measured detonation velocities for VS-2 composition film charges， which were 4375-4505 m·s^-1 （of the charge being surface mass 60 mg·cm^-2） and 4221-4281 m·s^-1 （of the charge being surface mass 90 mg·cm^-2） and their blasting action on the aluminum plate. The depths of the normal shock wave imprints at the charge-barrier interface were 0.6-0.7 mm （for surface mass of the film charges 60 mg·cm^-2） and 1.2-1.3 mm （for surface mass of the film charges 90 mg·cm^-2）.     

滴施腐植酸肥和化肥对辣椒生产率的影响

正采用随机区组设计,在不添加腐植酸(单独施肥)和添加腐植酸(联合施肥)的条件下,以NPK推荐施肥量100%、80%和60%的3个施肥水平,研究了NPK滴灌对辣椒养分分配和生产率的影响。在较深的土层中,联合施肥能降低土壤速效N和K含量,提高土壤速效P含量。单独施肥的基础上联合施肥,辣椒产量提高了17%~27%。联合施肥的肥     

“至上”与“虚无”

<正>俄国画家马列维奇是"至上主义"抽象绘画流派的创始者,其绘画作品简约而纯粹,以最简单的形式——方块展现出艺术家丰富的感情世界,探索了形体、色彩与空间的关系。而同样善于运用几何形态的西班牙雕塑家奥泰萨的风格则显得冷静而克制,其雕塑作品通常看起来虚幻而抽象,没有强烈的情感表现,以高度理性化的手法展现出一种"虚无"的艺术境界。二人所专注的领域虽有不同,但他们的作品都在关注形式与其所在空间之间的复杂关系。     

基于新标准的俄罗斯釆金业职业风险评估

当前俄罗斯正在进行立法改革以实现治理体系现代化，其中改革的重点是国家管理体系中的劳动保护、工业安全和突发事件的应急处理。过去的立法体系侧重于对受伤员工提供健康补偿和医疗救护，而新的立法体系则以预防为主，以期通过建立完善的风险管理机制和运行规则，提高安全生产水平、普及安全文化教育，保障员工的生命安全。新标准强调企业必须进行职业风险评估，并将职业风险评估纳入企业工作管理体系。论文以采金业为例，选取伊尔库茨克州波戴波区金矿露天采场为研究案例，探讨了现代化职业风险评估的方法，明确了职业风险评估首先要进行危害鉴别，编制了风险源管理档案清单。采用实测员工风险因素的“记分法”和数学模拟“矩阵法”完成了伊尔库茨克州波戴波区金矿露天采场主要职业的风险评估。研究表明: 在钻井爆破作业场所，由碎石的喷射、粉尘的排放和噪声效应引起的危险为不可接受风险，通过实施安全生产制度（即遵守安全标准和技术要求、为工人提供防护装备）,可将高风险和不可接受风险化解为可接受风险；阐述了高风险职业，编制了风险手册，提出了改善工作条件的首要措施是消除影响爆破手和钻机操作员的有害因素，并为员工提供能更有效预防噪音和振动的个人防护用品。     

烧结温度对Q235钢搪瓷涂层组织结构及性能影响

通过一次涂搪法在 Q235 低碳钢表面制备出 700 ~ 900 ℃ 烧结的搪瓷涂层。 采用 XRD、SEM、EDS、显微维氏硬度计、落球装置及电化学工作站研究了涂层物相组成、组织形貌、微区成分、机械性能及腐蚀行为。 结果表明:搪瓷涂层在烧结过程中表面孔隙率持续减小,截面孔隙率则先减小后增大再减小;磨加物石英逐渐溶解在涂层硅氧四面体 [SiO₄ ]网络中,使涂层显微硬度和光泽度提高;涂层与基体界面处氧化层逐渐减小并最终消失,而 Fe 扩散区逐渐扩大并形成富含 Fe-Co 和 Fe-Ni 枝晶的密着层;涂层表面釉质层形成及内部腐蚀通道的闭合使其耐腐蚀性能显著提高。     

发呆,也是一种小美好

正白岩松说,没事儿的时候发发呆。我们疲于追逐成功的路上,发呆成了一种奢侈。是啊,回想一下,在我们每天仅有的24小时中,工作、交际以及各种琐事占据了大半,剩下的注意力又被手机等携带大量娱乐信息的产品夺走。我们每天生活的似乎都很"丰满",迈着急促的脚步穿梭于公司、学校、商场、电影院之间,甚至感觉时间不够用,经常熬夜到凌晨,因此,我们没有多余的时间去发呆,或者说,在这个充满娱乐信息的时代,我们不需要去孤独地发呆。     

纺织工业4.0时代——人的地位及影响因素

长期以来,数字化、工业4.0(I 4.0)及未来劳动力在日常生活中占据着不可或缺的地位。因此,人们针对企业的发展现状及所谓的"准备就绪"开展了大量的研究。迄今为止,对I 4.0的研究主要集中于技术层面,而很少从工作环境利益角度进行研究。对德国、奥地利和瑞士纺织业的35家企业进行在线研究,结果表明:多达64%的参与者来自企业管理层(高层和中、下层管理水平的参与者占相同比例),其中近34%的参与者来自大型企业。     

Protection and control of microgrids usingdynamic state estimation

High penetration of Converter Interfaced Generations (CIGs) presents challenges in both microgrid (μGrid) circuit and other system with CIG resources, such as wind farms and PV plants. Specifically, protection challenges are mainly brought by the insufficient separation between fault and load currents, especially for μGrids in islanded operation, and the short connection length in μGrids. In addition, CIG resources exhibit limited inertia and weak coupling to any rotating machinery, which can result in large transients during disturbances. To address the above challenges, this paper proposes a Dynamic State Estimation (DSE) based algorithm for protection and control of systems with substantial CIG resources such as a μGrid. It requires a high-fidelity dynamic model and time domain (sampled value) measurements. For μGrid circuit protection, the algorithm dependably and securely detects internal faults by checking the consistency between the circuit model and available measurements. For CIG control, the algorithm estimates the frequency at other parts of a μGrid using CIG local information only and then utilizes it to provide supplementary feedback control. Simulation results prove that DSE based protection algorithm detects internal faults faster, ignores external faults and has improved sensitivity towards high impedance faults when compared to conventional protection methods. DSE based CIG control scheme also minimizes output oscillation and transient during system disturbances.