亚临界干洗技术对羊毛纤维结构的影响

亚临界干洗羊毛技术是用亚临界干洗溶剂对羊毛纤维样品进行轻度洗涤、去除表面油污并溶出羊毛脂的一种干进干出的洗涤方式。文章使用亚临界干洗羊毛技术处理原羊毛,借助于X-射线衍射、热重分析和扫描电子显微镜等设备,讨论不同干洗条件处理后羊毛纤维的结晶度、热稳定性能及表面形态的变化,并与普通皂碱清洗的羊毛样品进行了比较。结果表明,羊毛鳞片表层类脂物质在一定压力下溶解于亚临界干洗溶剂中;X-射线衍射观察表明,亚临界干洗处理后纤维结晶指数略高于原毛,但并没有深入波及到纤维皮质层;热重分析表明,亚临界处理后羊毛纤维的热稳定性能与皂碱清洗处理相比,耐热分解性能明显更高;扫描电子显微镜结果显示,随着亚临界干洗程度的加深,鳞片的剥除和镂空现象明显。     

微生物脂肪酶在工业中的应用及研究进展

脂肪酶是工业应用中很重要的一种酶。本文对目前微生物脂肪酶在工业中的应用进行了综述,包括食品工业、纺织和化工工业、洗涤添加剂、废水处理添加剂、医药、造纸行业以及手性药物的合成等,并展望了脂肪酶的研究方向及前景。     

离子束分析在艺术和考古学中的应用

本文通过与运用其它分析技术的同类工作进行比较来述评离子束分析法在艺术和考古学研究中的应用。为了说明离子束分析法的利弊,精选了一些实例来阐述该方法在艺术和考古学领域中的发展趋势和重要成就。     

一块罕见陨石的穆斯堡尔效应研究

用穆斯堡尔效应对一块罕见陨石进行了测定，结果表明此陨石的黑白部分均由橄榄石，辉石，陨硫铁和铁镍合金等主要成分组成，但其含量有明显差异，进一步证实此陨石属于平衡的橄榄石－古铜辉石球粒陨石。     

低能离子束对拟南芥诱变效应的研究

依据不同生态型的拟南芥接受不同剂量、不同能量以及不同类型离子的注入，种子成苗率受到的影响程度的不同，选定适合于拟南芥诱变、转化的离子能量和剂量。然后结合RAPD方法检测了离子注入拟南芥种子在当代和后代中引起的变异情况，结果是离子束在当代中可引起DNA水平上丰富的变异，突变频率较高，并且某些变异条带可传递至后代。     

生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选及絮凝处理靛蓝印染废水的研究

从活性污泥中分离出22株菌株,筛选得到具有絮凝活性的菌株14株,其中FJ-7、FJ-15絮凝活性较高。将两株絮凝剂产生菌分别纯培养及以体积比1∶1比例混合培养,发现混合培养发酵液对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝效果优于各菌株的纯培养发酵液。利用此混合发酵液对靛蓝印染废水进行絮凝处理,考察了生物絮凝剂和助凝剂CaC l2的用量、废水pH对脱色效果的影响。在混合菌发酵液和助凝剂CaC l2的体积分数分别为5%和4%、废水pH=8.0的最适脱色条件下,混合发酵液对靛蓝废水的脱色率可达87.2%。     

Research on the Distant Hybrids of Wheat Obtained via Low-Energy Ion-Beam Implantation

Abstract The whole DNA of soybean was implanted into four varieties of wheat of Zhongyu5, Huaiyin 9628, Wenyou 1, Jimai 5 respectively via ion-beam mediation. There were 5 plantsobtained whose protein content was higher than 18.5%, the highest one was 21.44%. There were 3plants obtained whose protein content was lower than 11.5%, the lowest one was 10.96%. We cansee that the whole DNA of soybean transformed into wheat via ion beam implantation can inducethe increase in wheat protein content dramatically. The result also shows that the transformationefficiency of different gene types of wheat receptor varies greatly that the implanting time has acertain effect on the efficiency of transformation.     

Study of Genetics and Embryology of Polyembryonic Mutant of Autotetraploid Rice Induced by N^＋ Beam Implantation

In the present study autotetraploid rice IR36-4X was treated by an ion implantation technique with nitrogen ion beams. A polyembryonic mutant （named IR36-Shuang） was identified in the M2 generation. The mutant line and its offspring were systematically investigated in regard to their major agronomic properties and the rate of polyembryonic seedling in the M3-M6 generation. The abnormal phenomena in the embryo sac development and the cytological mechanism of the initiation of additional embryo in IR36-Shuang were observed by Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy. The results were as follows. 1） The plant height, the panicle length and 1000 grain weight of IRB6-Shuang were lower than that of its control by 35.41%, 5.08% and 15.72% respectively, Moreover, the setting percentage decreased 12.39% compared with that in normal IRB6-4X plants. 2） The polyembryonic trait of IRB6-Shuang was genetically stable and the frequency of the polyembryonic seedlings in the IR36-Shuang line was also relatively stable. 3） The rate of abnormal embryo sacs in IR36-Shuang was significantly higher than that in the control IR36-4X. 4） The additional embryo in IR36-Shuang might arise from the double Jet of embryo sacs in a single owry, antipodal cells or endosperm cells. These results suggest that IRB6-Shuang is a polyembryonic mutant and a new apomixis rice line induced by low energy ion implantation. The prospects for the application in production of the IR36-Shuang line are also discussed. The present study may provide a basis for future investigations of apomixis rice breeding via the ion implantation biotechnology.     

辣椒籽油的制备及其挥发性香味物质的研究

利用亚临界低温萃取技术对经过炒制前处理的辣椒籽进行萃取制备得到辣椒籽油,并采用同时蒸馏结合GC-MS法,分析了不同的炒制温度(120~200℃)和炒制时间(5~25 min)对辣椒籽油中的挥发性成分和脂肪酸成分的影响。在炒制时间为5 min,炒制温度低于140℃时,芳樟醇、月桂烯、双戊烯是辣椒籽油的主要香气物质,当温度高于140℃时,吡嗪类化合物和2-戊基呋喃是辣椒籽油的主要香气物质。在炒制温度为140℃,炒制时间为5 min时,辣椒籽油中的芳樟醇、月桂烯、双戊烯的含量分别达到最大值,随着炒制时间的增加,辣椒籽油中的2,3,5,6-甲基四吡嗪和2-戊基呋喃的含量在20 min时达到了最大值。辣椒籽油中主要的脂肪酸成分是棕榈酸(11.57%)、油酸(76.16%)和亚油酸(7.14%)。