Millimeter-Wave Wideband Channel Estimation Using Analog True-Time-Delay Array Under Hardware Impairments

Journal of Signal Processing Systems - Millimeter-wave (mmW) systems require fast and accurate channel estimation to establish a high-rate directional link between the base station and user...     

Anticancer Potential of (Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)chloridoiridium(III) Complexes Bearing κP and κP,κS‐Coordinated Ph2PCH2CH2CH2S(O)xPh (x=0–2) Ligands

Iridium(III) complexes of the type [Ir(η⁵‐C₅Me₅)Cl₂{Ph₂PCH₂CH₂CH₂S(O)_xPh‐κP}] (x=0–2; 1 – 3 ) and [Ir(η⁵‐C₅Me₅)Cl{Ph₂PCH₂CH₂CH₂S(O)_xPh‐κP,κS}][PF₆] (x=0–1; 4 and 5 ) with 3‐(diphenylphosphino)propyl phenyl sulfide, sulfoxide, and sulfone ligands Ph₂PCH₂CH₂CH₂S(O)_xPh were designed, synthesized, and characterized fully, including X‐ray diffraction analyses for complexes 3 and 4 . In vitro studies against human thyroid carcinoma (8505C), submandibular carcinoma (A253), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF‐7), colon adenocarcinoma (SW480), and melanoma (518A2) cell lines provided evidence for the high biological potential of the neutral and cationic iridium(III) complexes. Neutral iridium(III) complex 5 proved to be the most active, with IC₅₀ values up to about 0.1 μM , representing activities of up to one order of magnitude higher than cisplatin. Using 8505C cells, apoptosis was shown to be the main mechanism through which complex 5 exerts its tumoricidal action. The described iridium(III) complexes represent potential leads in the search for novel metal‐based anticancer agents.     

Borcalein: a Carborane-Based Analogue of Baicalein with 12-Lipoxygenase-Independent Toxicity

12-Lipoxygenase is crucial for tumour angiogenesis. 5,6,7-Trihydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (baicalein) is a suitable inhibitor for this enzyme but is rapidly metabolised in vivo. Thus, an improvement of the metabolic stability is necessary to enhance the therapeutic efficiency. An emerging approach to enhance metabolic stability of carbon-based pharmaceuticals is the use of metabolically stable, non-toxic boron clusters, such as dicarba-closo-dodecaborane(12)s (carboranes) as phenyl mimetics. Therefore, the unsubstituted phenyl ring of baicalein was replaced by meta-carborane, resulting in borcalein, the carborane analogue of baicalein. This substitution resulted in a decreased inhibitory activity toward 12-lipoxygenase, but led to increased toxicity in melanoma (A375, B16, B16F10) and colon cancer cell lines (SW480, HCT116, CT26CL25) with decreased tumour selectivity in comparison to baicalein. Surprisingly, borcalein displays a different mechanism of cytotoxicity with increased intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and nitric oxide (NO).     

Mapping urban assemblages: the production of spatial knowledge

This paper engages with the ontology and epistemology of urban mapping. While geographical information system (GIS) and other digital technologies have long transformed the capacities for representation of urban data, this paper explores the capacity of mapping to produce new ways of seeing, understanding, planning and designing the city. With a primary focus on urban morphology, distinctions and overlaps between mapping, diagramming, planning and designing are articulated within a framework of assemblage thinking. Through cases drawn from urban design research, we analyse the mapping of political conflict, transport flows, functional mix and informal settlement. It is argued that urban mapping is a form of spatial knowledge production that is often diagrammatic, embodying a spatial logic that cannot be reduced to words and numbers. Urban mapping constructs interconnections between the ways the city is perceived, conceived and lived; and it can reveal capacities for urban transformation – the city as a space of possibility.     

The kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of ultrasound-extraction of minerals from aerial parts of white lady's bedstraw (Galium mollugo L.)

The present paper deals with the extraction of some minerals (potassium, calcium and magnesium) from ground, dried aerial parts of white lady's bedstraw (Galium mollugo L.) using an aqueous ethanol solution (50% by volume) at different temperatures (from 23 to 40 °C) in the presence and absence of ultrasound. The main goal was to establish the kinetics and the thermodynamics of the two extraction processes. A phenomenological model involving simultaneous washing and diffusion was proved for both ultrasound-assisted and silent extraction of the minerals. The minerals extraction both in the presence and the absence of ultrasound is endothermic and irreversible since the enthalpy change and the entropy change are positive in the ranges of extraction temperature applied. The Gibbs free energy change for the extraction of minerals is negative, indicating that the process is feasible and spontaneous. The minerals yield increased by a factor of 1.02–1.06 and 1.14–1.27 in the absence and the presence of ultrasound, respectively for every 10 °C rise in temperature.     

Fast and accurate NURBS fitting for reverse engineering

Fast and accurate fitting of non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) curves and surfaces through large sets of measured data is an important problem in applications such as reverse engineering and geometric modelling. This paper presents a method for realising significant improvements in the computational efficiency of this task. The basic idea is that the sparsity structures of the relevant matrices that are specific to the problem of NURBS fitting can be precisely defined and that full exploitation of these structures leads to significant savings in both computational and storage requirements. These savings allow for a large number of control points to be used in order to define the surface and consequently to improve the accuracy of shape representation. The achieved computational complexity is linear in both the number of measured points and the number of control points while the storage requirements of the algorithm are linear with the number of control points only. The complexity analysis, as well as the analysis of actual running times is presented. The results demonstrate that, using this approach, highly complex shapes may be modelled accurately with a single NURBS surface.