Synthesis and Estimation of Some Surface-Active Compounds Derived from Fused Pyridine as Corrosion Inhibitors for Aluminum in Hydrochloric Acid Solutions

Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces - Three nonionic surfactants molecules (NS) derived from a fused pyridine characterized by IR and 1HNMR spectra were synthesized and examined...     

Fluorimetric Nerve Gas Sensing Based on Pyrene Imines Incorporated into Films and Sub‐Micrometer Fibers

The chemical sensing of nerve gas agents has become an increasingly important goal due to the 1995 terrorist attack in a Tokyo subway as well as national security concerns in regard to world affairs. Chemical detection needs to be sensitive and selective while being facile, portable, and timely. In this paper, a sensing approach using a pyrene imine molecule is presented that is fluorimetric in response. The detection of a chloro‐Sarin surrogate is measured at 5 ppmv in less than 1 second and is highly selective towards halogenated organophosphates. The pyrene imine molecule is incorporated into polystyrene films as well as micrometer and sub‐micrometer fibers. Using both a direct drawing approach and electrospinning, micrometer and nanofibers can be easily manufactured. Applications for functional sensing micrometer and nanofibers are envisioned for optical devices and photonics in addition to solution and airflow sensing devices.     

Evolution of the arthropod prophenoloxidase/hexamerin protein family

PURPOSE: Because intraperitoneal (i.p.) therapy may provide a therapeutic advantage and because hyperthermia enhances carboplatin (CBDCA) cytotoxicity, we evaluated the feasibility, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of CBDCA given via continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion (CHPP) in patients with small-volume residual ovarian cancer. Patients and METHODS: Six patients underwent optimal cytoreductive procedures (residual disease < or =5 mm) as initial treatment of stages II and III epithelial ovarian adenocarcinoma. All patients received a 90-min CHPP at a CBDCA dose of 800-1200 mg/m2, with the perfusate being recirculated rapidly from a reservoir through a heat exchanger, resulting in i.p. temperatures of 41-43 degrees C. Plasma, perfusate, and urine samples were collected and platinum was quantified by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. RESULTS: At no time did any patient's core temperature exceed 40 degrees C. Peak perfusate platinum concentrations were 8- to 15-fold higher than peak ultrafilterable plasma concentrations. The permeability-area product was extremely high and variable (14-90 ml/min), resulting in a regional advantage of 1.9-5.3. The percentage of the dose absorbed ranged widely from 27% to 77%. Dose-limiting hematologic toxicity was observed at a dose of 1200 mg/m2 and this was associated with a CBDCA AUC in plasma of 11 mg min ml(-1). CONCLUSION: CHPP with CBDCA was safely given to three patients at a dose of 800 mg/m2, and dose-limiting hematologic toxicities observed at 1200 mg/m2, correlated with the plasma CBDCA exposure established when lower doses of CBDCA are given systemically. The pharmacokinetic data are consistent with the expected effect of vigorous mixing on the exposed peritoneal surface area. Variable drug absorption and clearance make the prediction of systemic exposure highly uncertain. These findings may have important implications for novel therapies given i.p.     

Growth hormone improves body composition, fat utilization, physical strength and agility, and growth in Prader-Willi syndrome: A controlled study

BACKGROUND: Obesity and hypotonia in children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) are accompanied by abnormal body composition and diminished energy expenditure resembling a growth hormone deficient state. Hypothalamic dysfunction in PWS often includes decreased growth hormone (GH) secretion, suggesting a possible therapeutic role for exogenous GH treatment. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: After 6 months of observation to determine baseline growth rate, and with the use of a 12-month randomized controlled study design, the effects of GH treatment (1 mg/m2/d) on growth, body composition, strength and agility, pulmonary function, resting energy expenditure (REE), and fat utilization were assessed in 54 children with PWS (n = 35 treatment and n = 19 control). Percent body fat and bone mineral density were measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry. Indirect calorimetry was used to determine REE and to calculate respiratory quotients. RESULTS: Stimulated levels of GH in response to clonidine testing were low in all patients (peak, 2.0 ng/mL). After 12 months, GH-treated subjects showed significantly increased height velocity Z scores (mean, 1.0 1.7 to 4.6 2.9; P <.001), decreased percent body fat (mean, 46.3% 8.4% to 38.3% 10.7%; P <.001), and improved respiratory muscle function, physical strength, and agility (sit-ups, weight-lifts, running speed, and coordination). A significant decline in respiratory quotients occurred during GH therapy (0.81 to 0.77, P <.001), but total REE did not change. CONCLUSIONS: GH treatment of children with PWS accelerated growth, decreased percent body fat, and increased fat oxidation but did not significantly increase total REE. Improvements in respiratory muscle strength, physical strength, and agility also occurred, suggesting that GH treatment may have value in reducing some physical disabilities experienced by children with PWS.     

Preparation and functional properties of protein coprecipitate from sheep milk

The optimum conditions for the production of coprecipitate from sheep milk were studied. The best percentage of calcium chloride added to milk was 0.2%, which resulted in a recovery of 97.5% of milk proteins. At low pH (4.5–5), the recovery of protein was low, but it increased at higher pH values (5.5–6.5); recovery was greatest at pH 6.5. The optimum heating temperature to obtain coprecipitate from sheep milk was 85–95°C. The functional properties of the sheep milk coprecipitate were studied. At pH values higher than 6, there were no differences between the solubility of sheep milk coprecipitate and sheep milk sodium caseinate, but the solubility of coprecipitate at pH values lower than 5 was relatively higher than those of the caseinate. At pH ≥6, the emulsion activity index (EAI) for emulsions of sheep milk coprecipitate and caseinate increased as pH increased; at all pH values, the EAI of the coprecipitate was higher than that of the caseinate. Sheep milk coprecipitate showed higher foaming ability and stability than sheep milk sodium caseinate.