基于GIS的小城镇固体废弃物管理信息系统研究

通过对全国的一些有特色的小城镇的调查与研究、提出小城镇在固体废弃物处理方面的弊端，并针对北京某小城镇的人口分布、建筑分布、道路交通、垃圾中转站分布、垃圾处理场分布、地形地貌等等大量数据和图形资料，引入地理信息系统（GIS），研制和开发了小城镇固体废弃物管理信息系统。通过建立空间数据库和属性数据库，实现了信息管理与查询、预测与统计、环境规划以及固体废弃物对水环境及土壤环境的影响评价等功能。     

Research on prediction for coal and gas outburst based on Matlab neural network toolbox and its application

In order to predict the danger of coal and gas outburst in mine coal layer correctly, on the basis of the VLBP and LMBP algorithm in Matlab neural network toolbox, one kind of modified BP neural network was put forth to speed up the network convergence speed in this paper. Firstly, according to the characteristics of coal and gas outburst, five key influencing factors such as excavation depth, pressure of gas, and geologic destroy degree were selected as the judging indexes of coal and gas outburst. Secondly, the prediction model for coal and gas outburst was built. Finally, it was verified by practical examples. Practical application demonstrates that, on the one hand, the modified BP prediction model based on the Matlab neural network toolbox can overcome the disadvantages of constringency and, on the other hand, it has fast convergence speed and good prediction accuracy. The analysis and computing results show that the computing speed by LMBP algorithm is faster than by VLBP algorithm but needs more memory. And the resuits show that the prediction results are identical with actual results and this model is a very efficient prediction method for mine coal and gas outburst, and has an important practical meaning for the mine production safety. So we conclude that it can be used to predict coal and gas outburst precisely in actual engineering.     

模型车厢内火灾烟气层运动模拟分析

旅客列车车厢内发生火灾时，火灾烟气的运动状况直接影响旅客的人身安全，往往造成重大的人员伤亡和巨大的财产损失。采用模型实验、数值模拟的方法对运行的旅客列车经过隧道发生火灾时车厢内烟气层高度的特征进行了研究，将旅客列车卧铺车厢处理为多个受限空间的组合，研究了车厢内烟气层高度在开口不同状况下的变化规律。模型实验与数值模拟相结合为列车车厢火灾研究提供了理论分析模型和实验研究方法，研究成果为车厢防火设计提供了重要的技术依据。     

我国火灾损失的时间趋势分析及动态预测

利用我国火灾损失统计资料，进行时间趋势分析。结果表明，我国火灾损失呈现一定的上升趋势。在此基础上，采用灰色GM(1，1)模型预测我国火灾损失，经检验预测模型的精度满足要求，其预测结果比较可靠，可以为相关部门的决策提供一定的帮助。     

火灾后钢筋混凝土结构的损伤诊断

以众多科研单位的试验研究成果为依据,介绍了火灾后钢筋混凝土结构损伤的诊断程序,包括成立诊断检测小组,火灾现场初步调查,现场详细检测、调查,综合分析、评定等级,做出诊断报告、提出处理意见等5个步骤.对初涉本领域工作的技术人员,具有一定的参考价值.     

隧道重点排烟模式下诱导通风对效率的影响

数值模拟研究了重点排烟模式中诱导通风对公路隧道排热效率的影响。选取隧道平坡度段20 MW火源功率,无排烟、无诱导通风、不同诱导通风速率的13组火灾工况,分析不同火灾工况下烟气层运动状态和排烟口、排烟道的排热效率。结果表明,开启排烟风机后排烟道的排热效率为41%,设置纵向诱导通风后,排烟道排热效率为22%～25%;随着诱导通风速率增加,隧道两端排烟口的排热效率增加,中间排烟口的排烟效率降低。     

无机填料对阻燃聚丙烯土工格栅阻燃性能的影响

利用极限氧指数(LOI)、酒精喷灯燃烧实验、锥形量热仪,热重(TG)分析等方法对比研究了滑石粉、碳酸钙、硼酸锌和炭黑对阻燃聚丙烯(PP)土工格栅试样阻燃性能的影响,并分析了这几种阻燃性能测试结果之间的相关性。结果表明,LOI与酒精喷灯燃烧实验结果及点燃时间(TTI)之间的相关性较好,4种填料的加入都会降低试样的LOI和TTI,其中碳酸钙和炭黑含量较高时,试样的LOI下降幅度较大,并使试样无法通过酒精喷灯燃烧实验;但锥形量热仪测试结果表明,4种填料对试样燃烧过程的影响有所差别,硼酸锌的加入可降低试样的热释放速率(HRR)、总释放热(THR)和生烟速率(SPR);炭黑的加入提高了试样的热稳定性并降低了试样的HRR,但对THR和SPR有不利影响;滑石粉和碳酸钙的加入降低了试样的SPR,但使试样的HRR及THR增大。结合各种测试方法,可以判定4种无机填料中硼酸锌为阻燃PP土工格栅试样最适宜的无机填料。     

超声法检测地基的研究

研究了弹性波在不同参数介质中传播的基本理论,建立了基本动力学方程式,并根据其边界条件和连续性条件求得波的反射系数方程。接收波则综合携带了地基内部特性信息,可通过这些信息研究地基内部不同部位参数的相差程度及位置。小波分析可以对指定频带和时间段内的信号成分进行分析,在时域和频域具有良好的局部化性质。可以准确地抓住瞬变信号的特性,对频率成分采用逐渐精细的时域或频域取样步长,从而聚焦到信号的任意细节。运用小波的方法分析接收到的超声波的频谱结构,就能判断地基的内部参数。     

两类独立旋转车轮转向架横向动力学研究

研究了独立旋转车轮转向架因其左右独立车轮的耦合程度不同，而造成的横向动力学性能差异的原因。通过建立各自在直线上的横向动力学客车模型，利用新型快速显式数值积分法编程进行动态仿真，以比较其车辆的主要动态响应值。     

Constitutive equations and finite element implementation of strain localization in sand deformation

A recently proposed model coupling with the solid-fluid of the saturated sand was utilized to study the deformation band. Based on the critical state plasticity model by Borja and Andrade, the hydraulic conductivity tensor was naturally treated as a function of the spatial discretization matrix about the displacement and the stress field, allowing a more realistic representation of the physical phenomenon. The fully Lagrangian form of the Darcy law was resolved by Piola algorithm, and then the flow law was gained, leading to the implementation of a modified model of the saturated sand. Then the criterion for the onset of localization was derived and utilized to detect instability. The constitutive model was implemented in a finite element program coded by FORTRAN, which was used to predict the formation and development of shear bands in plane strain compression of saturated sand. At last, the formation mechanism of the shear band was discussed. It is shown that the model works well, and the simulation sample bifurcates at 1.18% axial strain, which is in a good qualitative agreement with the experiment. The pore pressure greatly affects the onset and development of the deformation band, and it obviously increases around the localization-prone regions with the direction toward the outer side of the normal of the shear band, while the pore stress flows nearly horizontally and is distributed equally far away the shear band region. Foundation item: Project(2006G007-C) supported by the Foundation of the Science and Technology Section of Ministry of Railway of China; Project(77206) supported by the Excellent PhD Thesis Innovation Foundation of Central South University, China