以金属氧化物为原料改进燃烧法合成γ-LiAlO_2（英文）

提出一种合成γ-LiAlO_2的替代解决方案—改进燃烧法直接合成γ-LiAlO_2,并将其用于相对简单的反应体系中,原料为非氧化性化合物如Al_2O_3和LiOH,燃料为尿素。采用1:1、1.5:1和2:1的非化学计量Li/Al摩尔比,在900和1000°C下反应5 min,制备LiAlO_2,并对其组织和结构进行表征。考察Li/Al摩尔比对材料形貌和高γ射线辐照下材料稳定性的影响。结果表明,所得粉体的晶体结构为?-LiAlO_2和?-LiAlO_2,其取决于Li/Al摩尔比。因此,用该方法可以成功合成微砖状、多面体状和层状?-LiAlO_2,而无需任何后续处理。γ辐照结果表明,所得到的?-LiAlO_2不分解,只形成少量的Li_2CO_3;由此可以确定,辐照会导致固结,不利于氚的有效提取;结果证明,用燃烧法生产高纯度?-LiAlO_2不需要硝酸盐前驱体。     

A comprehensive review of renewable energy resources for electricity generation in Australia

Recently, renewable energy resources and their impacts have sparked a heated debate to resolve the Australian energy crisis. There are many projects launched throughout the country to improve network security and reliability. This paper aims to review the current status of different renewable energy resources along with their impacts on society and the environment. Besides, it provides for the first time the statistics of the documents published in the field of renewable energy in Australia. The statistics include information such as the rate of papers published, possible journals for finding relative paper, types of documents published, top authors, and the most prevalent keywords in the field of renewable energy in Australia. It will focus on solar, wind, biomass, geothermal and hydropower technologies and will investigate the social and environmental impacts of these technologies.     

An experimental study of the synergistic effects of BMIM.BF4, BMIM.DCA and TEACl aqueous solutions on methane hydrate formation

In this work, the effects of three ionic liquids (ILs), namely, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide and tetraethyl-ammonium chloride, on methane hydrate formation and dissociation kinetic parameters were studied. The kinetic parameters including the initial rate of hydrate formation, hydrate stability at atmospheric pressure and hydrate storage capacity were evaluated. The experimental measurements were performed in an initial pressure range of 3.5–7.1 MPa. It was found that both of ILs with imidazolium-based cation increase the initial methane hydrate formation rate while the IL with ammonium-based cation leads to a decrease in the initial methane hydrate formation rate. It was also interpreted from the results that all of the three studied ILs decrease methane hydrate stability at atmospheric pressure and increase methane hydrate storage capacity. Finally, both of ILs with imidazolium-based cations were found to have higher impacts on decreasing hydrate stability at atmospheric pressure and increasing the methane hydrate storage capacity than the applied IL with ammonium-based cation.     

Separation of hematite from banded hematite jasper (BHJ) by magnetic coating

The separation of iron oxide from banded hematite jasper(BHJ) assaying 47.8% Fe, 25.6% Si O2 and 2.30%Al2O3 using selective magnetic coating was studied. Characterization studies of the low grade ore indicate that besides hematite and goethite,jasper, a microcrystalline form of quartzite, is the major impurity associated with this ore. Beneficiation by conventional magnetic separation technique could yield a magnetic concentrate containing 60.8% Fe with 51% Fe recovery. In order to enhance the recovery of the iron oxide minerals, fine magnetite, colloidal magnetite and oleate colloidal magnetite were used as the coating material. When subjected to magnetic separation, the coated ore produces an iron concentrate containing 60.2% Fe with an enhanced recovery of56%. The AFM studies indicate that the coagulation of hematite particles with the oleate colloidal magnetite facilitates the higher recovery of iron particles from the low grade BHJ iron ore under appropriate conditions.     

对话

正Héctor Esrawe毕业于墨西哥伊比利亚美洲大学,2003年创建Esrawe工作室,开始了他独立设计师的职业生涯。Esrawe工作室主要涉及博物馆、酒店、餐馆、酒吧、办公室、住宅的设计以及产品包括家具的创新与定制。Héctor Esrawe认为,设计是一个将使用者和周围环境相联系并发生生动对话的过程。在选材方面,他对玻璃、木材、金属和石材等情有独钟,同时对新工艺和新材料的探索也有着极大的热忱。     

Applying reticular synthesis to the design of Cu-based MOFs with mechanically interlocked linkers

The concept of“robust dynamics”describes the incorporation of mechanically interlocked molecules(MIMs)into metal-organic framework(MOF)materials such that large amplitude motions(e.g.,rotation or translation of a macrocycle)can occur inside the free volume pore of the MOF.To aid in the preparation of such materials,reticular synthesis was used herein to design rigid molecular building blocks with predetermined ordered structures starting from the well-known MOF NOTT-101.New linkers were synthesized that have a T-shape,based on a triphenylene tetra-carboxylate strut,and their incorporation into Cu(II)-based MOFs was investigated.The single-crystal structures of three new MOFs,UWCM-12(fof),β-UWCM-13(loz),UWCM-14(lil),with naked T-shaped linkers were determined;β-UWCM-13 is the first reported example of the loz topology.A fourth MOF,UWDM-14(lil)is analogous to UWCM-14(lil)but contains a[2]rotaxane linker.Variable-temperature,²H solid-state NMR was used to probe the dynamics of a 24-membered macrocycle threaded onto the MOF skeleton.     

Structural and Magnetic Studies of Ga-doped Yttrium Iron Garnet

Ga-doped Yttrium Iron Garnet (Y₃Ga_xFe_5-xO₁₂,Ga:YIG) was prepared by solid state reaction method and sintering at 1 300 ℃.Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that all samples crystallized in a single cubic structure (space group Ia-3d) with decreasing lattice constant as Ga concentration increased.SEM surface micrograph images of YIG samples showed highly compacted grains with small reduction in the grain size with increasing Ga concentration.Raman spectroscopy measurements confirmed the replacement of Fe³⁺ ions by Ga³⁺ ions in the garnet structure was revealed by the observed blue shifts in Raman spectra.The saturation magnetization decreased from 28.2 to 4.98 emu g^-1 with increasing x from 0.0 to 1.0 due to the preferential substitution of Ga³⁺ ions for Fe³⁺ ions at tetrahedral sites.Room temperature M?ssbauer spectra for the samples revealed a reduction of the hyperfine field values for octahedral and tetrahedral sites,and the development of additional components with increasing Ga concentration.Analysis of the magnetic data and M?ssbauer spectra confirmed that spin canting in the substituted garnets plays an important role in explaining the observed reduction of the saturation magnetization as x increased.     

Finite-time consensus protocols for multi-dimensional multi-agent systems

A finite-time consensus protocol is proposed for multi-dimensional multi-agent systems, using direction-preserving signum controls. Filippov solutions and nonsmooth analysis techniques are adopted to handle discontinuities. Sufficient and necessary conditions are provided to guarantee infinite-time convergence and boundedness of the solutions. It turns out that the number of agents which have continuous control law plays an essential role in finite-time convergence. In addition, it is shown that the unit balls introduced by ?p norms, where p∈[1,∞], are invariant for the closed loop.     

Depicting the role of gas-solid interactions on the hydrodynamics of converging pneumatic riser

The understanding of the flow characteristics and effect of gas-solid interactions in pneumatic risers is fundamental to investigate to ensure effective design cost-effective operation. Thus, to understand the effect of gas-solid interactions on the hydrodynamics of newly proposed conversing risers, this study mainly focused on predicting pressure drop in the dilute phase pneumatic conveying system. The experiments were conducted in a converging riser having a convergence angle of 0.2693°. Various solid particles such as sago, black mustard, and alumina have been considered to study the effect of particle sizes and density on the pressure drop. The experimental outcomes indicate that the total pressure drop increases with an increase in the solid density and gas mass flow rate. Moreover, smaller particle sizes are also increased the pressure drop. An empirical correlation is developed for the prediction of total pressure drop ΔP_T in converging pneumatic riser via dimensional analysis. All dependent variables such as particle and air density, drag force, acceleration due to gravity, the mass flow rate of air and particle, the diameter of particle and converging riser, the height of converging riser were considered to develop the empirical correlation. The established relationship is tested, and experimental data have been fitted for its validation. The estimated relative error of less than 0.05 proved the significance of the developed correlation. Hence, it can be stated that the established relationship is useful in studying the effects of various parameters on the pressure drop across the length of the conversing riser.