绝对式光电编码器的编码理论研究进展

介绍了用于角度测量的绝对式光电旋转编码器的编码理论研究概况,具体包括反射式格雷码、矩阵码、m序列码和单码道格雷码的绝对位置编码方法和编码特征。绝对位置编码的发展过程是以唯一性和单变性为基础特性,以单码道性为最终目标进行编码矩阵列数的缩减。目前,编码类型的发展经历了n条码道的反射式格雷码、n/3条码道矩阵码、2条码道的m序列码以及1条码道的单码道格雷码,已经达到单码道的最终目标。由于单码道格雷码编码理论尚不完善,仍依赖搜索获得编码,因此其快速构造方法是未来绝对位置编码理论的发展方向。最后,对近几年发展起来的基于图像传感器的非编码测量方法进行了介绍和展望,该方法是对传统测量方法的颠覆,有望成为光电式旋转编码器的另一个发展方向。     

Computational Investigation Identified Potential Chemical Scaffolds for Heparanase as Anticancer Therapeutics

Heparanase (Hpse) is an endo-β-D-glucuronidase capable of cleaving heparan sulfate side chains. Its upregulated expression is implicated in tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis, thus making it an attractive target in cancer therapeutics. Currently, a few small molecule inhibitors have been reported to inhibit Hpse, with promising oral administration and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. In the present study, a ligand-based pharmacophore model was generated from a dataset of well-known active small molecule Hpse inhibitors which were observed to display favorable PK properties. The compounds from the InterBioScreen database of natural (69,034) and synthetic (195,469) molecules were first filtered for their drug-likeness and the pharmacophore model was used to screen the drug-like database. The compounds acquired from screening were subjected to molecular docking with Heparanase, where two molecules used in pharmacophore generation were used as reference. From the docking analysis, 33 compounds displayed higher docking scores than the reference and favorable interactions with the catalytic residues. Complex interactions were further evaluated by molecular dynamics simulations to assess their stability over a period of 50 ns. Furthermore, the binding free energies of the 33 compounds revealed 2 natural and 2 synthetic compounds, with better binding affinities than reference molecules, and were, therefore, deemed as hits. The hit compounds presented from this in silico investigation could act as potent Heparanase inhibitors and further serve as lead scaffolds to develop compounds targeting Heparanase upregulation in cancer.     

Agro-Waste Generated Pd/CAP-Ash Catalyzed Ligand-Free Approach for Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reaction

Catalysis Letters - We converted agro-waste Custard Apple Peels (CAP) to ash via thermal treatment, on which Pd(OAc)2 was immobilized easily that produced a low-cost, highly efficient Pd/CAP-ash...     

基于发展科学探究能力的高中化学教学实践 ——以"元素周期律"章节为例

基于学生在学习元素周期律时存在的普遍问题改进了教学实践,分析了元素周期律发展学生科学探究能力的价值,设计了四个教学环节——趣味导入,成果展示;分析规律,做出猜想;设计方案,收集证据;梳理模型,迁移应用,并提出了三点针对学生探究能力发展的教学建议.     

药物相互作用研究在新药研发和审评决策中的应用

药物相互作用改变了剂量效应关系，可能会降低疗效或增加毒性，是临床应用中合并用药治疗时重要的考虑因素。预测具有临床意义的药物相互作用是药物研发过程中获益风险评估的重要环节。本文概述了药物研发过程中药物相互作用研究的目的和意义，体内和体外研究的主要内容；梳理分析了2020年国家药品监督管理局（National Medical Products Administration, NMPA）和美国食品药品监督管理局（Food and Drug Administration, FDA）批准上市的新药药物相互作用研究情况，旨在为我国药物研发过程中药物相互作用研究及其监管审评提供参考。     

基于多软件联合仿真的载货汽车平顺性提升方法研究

针对改善某载货汽车行驶平顺性的问题,对某整车制造企业生产的某型载货汽车进行了研究,提出一种新的方法对该车顺性进行提升.首先,应用ADAMS/Car建立载货汽车的刚柔耦合样机模型;其次,建立ADAMS/Car与Simulink的联合仿真模型;最后,利用MATLAB编写加速度RMS(加权加速度均方根值)程序,并应用Isight/Optimization软件中的多岛遗传算法优化此联合仿真模型.以载货汽车不同车速行驶在随机级路面(C级),驾驶室座椅处加速度RMS值来评价整车平顺性的优劣.结果表明:采用提出的方法设计优化后,驾驶室座椅处X向的加速度RMS值最大降低了12.84％,座椅处Z向的加速度RMS值最大降低了13.08％,座椅处综合加速度RMS值最大降低了11.46％,平顺性能得到了提升.     

基于多维异构特征与反馈感知调度的SDN内生安全控制平面

为弥补现有研究在软件定义网络(Software-Defined Networking,SDN)控制平面未知漏洞防御方面的空白,本文提出了一种基于多维异构特征与反馈感知调度的内生安全控制平面的设计方案.该方案以"冗余、异构和动态"为切入点,通过组合执行体冗余集构建策略、多维异构元素着色策略和动态反馈感知调度策略,有效增加SDN控制平面对攻击者所呈现的执行体时空不确定性(逆转攻防不对称性).相关仿真结果表明该方案可以收敛全局执行体数目、增加执行体之间的多维异构度并降低系统全局失效率.     

基于MATLAB灰色Elman网络中长期电力负荷预测

良好的负荷预测模型能够精准且快速地计算预测值,有利于合理地规划分配电能,提升电网运行稳定性.基于MATLAB搭建灰色Elman网络电力负荷预测模型,参考安徽省淮南市"十三五"能源规划[1],以对淮南市进行中长期电力负荷预测为例,同时设置基于MATLAB搭建的Elman网络和灰色理论中的GM(1,1)模型为对照组进行对比仿真实验.提出灰色Elman网络相比对照组具有更高的运算精度,灰色Elman网络对比Elman网络有更好的训练效果.     

Inhibition of RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis by Novel Mutant RANKL

Background: Recently, it was reported that leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4, also called GPR48) is another receptor for RANKL and was shown to compete with RANK to bind RANKL and suppress canonical RANK signaling during osteoclast differentiation. The critical role of the protein triad RANK–RANKL in osteoclastogenesis has made their binding an important target for the development of drugs against osteoporosis. In this study, point-mutations were introduced in the RANKL protein based on the crystal structure of the RANKL complex and its counterpart receptor RANK, and we investigated whether LGR4 signaling in the absence of the RANK signal could lead to the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis.; Methods: The effects of point-mutated RANKL (mRANKL-MT) on osteoclastogenesis were assessed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), resorption pit formation, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blot, NFATc1 nuclear translocation, micro-CT and histomorphological assay in wild type RANKL (mRANKL-WT)-induced in vitro and in vivo experimental mice model. Results: As a proof of concept, treatment with the mutant RANKL led to the stimulation of GSK-3β phosphorylation, as well as the inhibition of NFATc1 translocation, mRNA expression of TRAP and OSCAR, TRAP activity, and bone resorption, in RANKL-induced mouse models; and Conclusions: The results of our study demonstrate that the mutant RANKL can be used as a therapeutic agent for osteoporosis by inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via comparative inhibition of RANKL. Moreover, the mutant RANKL was found to lack the toxic side effects of most osteoporosis treatments.