全文获取类型
收费全文 | 24223篇 |
免费 | 2231篇 |
国内免费 | 1084篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 1455篇 |
综合类 | 1586篇 |
化学工业 | 4148篇 |
金属工艺 | 1630篇 |
机械仪表 | 1427篇 |
建筑科学 | 1899篇 |
矿业工程 | 878篇 |
能源动力 | 661篇 |
轻工业 | 1576篇 |
水利工程 | 456篇 |
石油天然气 | 1712篇 |
武器工业 | 238篇 |
无线电 | 2521篇 |
一般工业技术 | 3144篇 |
冶金工业 | 1259篇 |
原子能技术 | 261篇 |
自动化技术 | 2687篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 86篇 |
2023年 | 483篇 |
2022年 | 837篇 |
2021年 | 1262篇 |
2020年 | 905篇 |
2019年 | 750篇 |
2018年 | 779篇 |
2017年 | 907篇 |
2016年 | 741篇 |
2015年 | 1053篇 |
2014年 | 1298篇 |
2013年 | 1441篇 |
2012年 | 1529篇 |
2011年 | 1721篇 |
2010年 | 1457篇 |
2009年 | 1398篇 |
2008年 | 1255篇 |
2007年 | 1335篇 |
2006年 | 1283篇 |
2005年 | 1095篇 |
2004年 | 694篇 |
2003年 | 585篇 |
2002年 | 607篇 |
2001年 | 511篇 |
2000年 | 527篇 |
1999年 | 587篇 |
1998年 | 423篇 |
1997年 | 385篇 |
1996年 | 336篇 |
1995年 | 313篇 |
1994年 | 263篇 |
1993年 | 182篇 |
1992年 | 138篇 |
1991年 | 93篇 |
1990年 | 64篇 |
1989年 | 51篇 |
1988年 | 54篇 |
1987年 | 32篇 |
1986年 | 22篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1959年 | 2篇 |
1951年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
2.
Peiying Wang Juanli Zhao Yun Fan Wei Zhang Yuanyuan Cui Liangmiao Zhang Bin Liu Hongqiang Nian Yiran Li 《Ceramics International》2021,47(11):15023-15029
In this work, the composition-dependent point defect types and formation energies of RE2Hf2O7 (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu and Gd) as well as the oxygen diffusion behavior are systematically investigated by first-principles calculations. The possible defect reactions and dominant defect complexes under stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric conditions are revealed. It is found that O Frenkel pairs are the predominant defect in stoichiometric pyrochlore hafnates. Hf-RE cation anti-site defects, accompanied by RE vacancies and/or oxygen interstitials, are stable in the non-stoichiometric case of HfO2 excess. On the other hand, RE-Hf anti-site defects together with oxygen vacancies and/or RE interstitials are preferable in the case of RE2O3 excess. The energy barriers for the migration along the VO48f - VO48f pathway of pyrochlore hafnates were calculated to be between 0.81 eV and 0.89 eV. Based on these results, a defect engineering strategy is proposed and the pyrochlore hafnates investigated here are predicted to exhibit potential oxygen ionic conductivity. 相似文献
3.
Qian Wu Xiangmei Liu Bo Li Lei Tan Yong Han Zhaoyang Li Yanqin Liang Zhenduo Cui Shengli Zhu Shuilin Wu Yufeng Zheng 《材料科学技术学报》2021,67(8):70-79
Pathogens pose a serious challenge to environmental sanitation and a threat to public health.The frequent use of chemicals for sterilization in recent years has not only caused secondary damage to the environment but also increased pathogen resistance to drugs,which further threatens public health.To address this issue,the use of non-chemical antibacterial means has become a new trend for environmental disinfection.In this study,we developed red phosphorus nanoparticles(RPNPs),a safe and degradable photosensitive material with good photocatalytic and photothermal properties.The red phosphorus nanoparticles were prepared using a template method and ultrasonication.Under the irradiation of simulated sunlight for 20 min,the RPNPs exhibited an efficiency of 99.98%in killing Staphylococcus aureus due to their excellent photocatalytic and photothermal abilities.Transmission electron microscopy and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy revealed that the RPNPs exhibited degradability within eight weeks.Both the RPNPs and their degradation products were nontoxic to fibroblast cells.Therefore,such RPNPs are expected to be used as a new type of low-cost,efficient,degradable,biocompatible,and eco-friendly photosensitive material for environmental disinfection. 相似文献
4.
Jiao Zhang Junjie Li Ayesha Murtaza Aamir Iqbal Lijuan Zhu Shinawar Waseem Ali Muhammad Usman Roshan Yameen Siyi Pan Wanfeng Hu 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2022,57(2):963-973
This work evaluated the synergistic effects of combined high-intensity ultrasound (HIU) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) treatments on inhibiting browning of apple juice and explored the mechanism through simulation system. The combined treatment of 300 W HIU with 0.006 g mL−1 β-CD had a synergistic impact on maintaining juice colour, resulting in a 39.06% reduction in browning degree, only a 36.64% decrease in total phenolic content, and a 17.82% reduction in PPO activity. The inhibition of enzymatic browning in simulated system revealed that HIU suppressed the enzyme (Polyphenol oxidase, PPO) and β-CD inhibited enzyme (PPO) and embedded substrate (polyphenol). The results of spectroscopic analysis showed that the particle-size distribution of PPO narrowed, the content of α-helix in the secondary structure increased, the fluorescence intensity increased, and the maximum wavelength was red-shifted after HIU and β-CD treatment. Changes in structure could further result in PPO activity loss. Hence, the combined treatment could synthetically alleviate the browning of apple juice. 相似文献
5.
现如今,随着人们生活水平的逐渐提升,对建筑类型、结构、外观及质量等条件的要求越来越高.而建筑工程本身具有周期长、技术类型丰富及施工复杂的特点,除考虑质量因素外,还需对其施工技术成本进行明确的预测和决策及核算,一方面要保障成本在预算范围之内,保质保量地完成施工计划;另一方面通过有效的经济预测和决策,也有利于强化技术优势,进而为提升建筑工程的建设水平提供坚实可靠的保障.主要研究建筑工程技术经济预测和决策的意义与方法. 相似文献
6.
Junjie Li Mei Liang Wanjing Cheng Shuhao Wang 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(14):9553-9566
Electric vehicles (EVs) are considered a promising alternative to conventional vehicles (CVs) to alleviate the oil crisis and reduce urban air pollution and carbon emissions. Consumers usually focus on the tangible cost when choosing an EV or CV but overlook the time cost for restricting purchase or driving and the environmental cost from gas emissions, falling to have a comprehensive understanding of the economic competitiveness of CVs and EVs. In this study, a life cycle cost model for vehicles is conducted to express traffic and environmental policies in monetary terms, which are called intangible cost and external cost, respectively. Battery electric vehicles (BEVs), fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), and CVs are compared in four first-tier, four new first-tier, and 4 s-tier and below cities in China. The comparison shows that BEVs and FCEVs in most cities are incomparable with CVs in terms of tangible cost. However, the prominent traffic and environmental policies in first-tier cities, especially in Beijing and Shanghai, greatly increase the intangible and external costs of CVs, making consumers more inclined to purchase BEVs and FCEVs. The main policy benefits of BEVs and FCEVs come from three aspects: government subsidies, purchase and driving restrictions, and environmental taxes. With the predictable reduction in government subsidies, traffic and environmental policies present important factors influencing the competitiveness of BEVs and FCEVs. In first-tier cities, BEVs and FCEVs already have a competitive foundation for large-scale promotion. In new first-tier and second-tier and below cities, stricter traffic and environmental policies need to be formulated to offset the negative impact of the reduction in government subsidies on the competitiveness of BEVs and FCEVs. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis reveals that increasing the mileage and reducing fuel prices can significantly improve the competitiveness of BEVs and FCEVs, respectively. 相似文献
7.
Tongling Xia Yue Qi Xilei Dai Jinyu Liu Can Xiao Ruoyu You Dayi Lai Junjie Liu Chun Chen 《Indoor air》2021,31(6):2020-2032
To evaluate the separate impacts on human health and establish effective control strategies, it is crucial to estimate the contribution of outdoor infiltration and indoor emission to indoor PM2.5 in buildings. This study used an algorithm to automatically estimate the long-term time-resolved indoor PM2.5 of outdoor and indoor origin in real apartments with natural ventilation. The inputs for the algorithm were only the time-resolved indoor/outdoor PM2.5 concentrations and occupants’ window actions, which were easily obtained from the low-cost sensors. This study first applied the algorithm in an apartment in Tianjin, China. The indoor/outdoor contribution to the gross indoor exposure and time-resolved infiltration factor were automatically estimated using the algorithm. The influence of outdoor PM2.5 data source and algorithm parameters on the estimated results was analyzed. The algorithm was then applied in four other apartments located in Chongqing, Shenyang, Xi'an, and Urumqi to further demonstrate its feasibility. The results provided indirect evidence, such as the plausible explanations for seasonal and spatial variation, to partially support the success of the algorithm used in real apartments. Through the analysis, this study also identified several further development directions to facilitate the practical applications of the algorithm, such as robust long-term outdoor PM2.5 monitoring using low-cost light-scattering sensors. 相似文献
8.
Zhenkun Ke Xin Cao Chuanli Shan Lifen Shi Pingping Wang Yong Yang Fengyang Zhao Jiedong Cui Jinwei Li Gang Zhou Min Guan Tao Yu 《Ceramics International》2021,47(14):19605-19613
The purpose of the current work was to research the effect of alkali metal oxide on the structure, thermal properties, viscosity and chemical stability in the glass system (R2O–CaO–B2O3–SiO2) systematically. Because the glass would emulsify when Li2O was added to the glass batch, this article did not discuss Li2O. The results showed that when the amount of Na2O was less than 4 mol.%, there was a higher interconnectivity of borate and silicate sub-networks in glass, as more mixed Si–O–B bonds were present in glass. The glass samples exhibited excellent thermal properties and chemical stabilities. As the amount of Na2O exceeded 4 mol.%, the interconnectivity of borate and silicate sub-networks was weakened. The thermal properties and chemical stabilities of the glass samples were reduced. The connectivity of the silicate sub-network was weakened slightly as the Na/K ratio varied, and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the glass samples gradually increased, and the resistance to thermal shock (RTS) value gradually decreased. Moreover, the viscosity of the glass samples decreased with the ratio of Na/Si and Na/K increased. 相似文献
9.
Nowadays, oil pollution has become more serious, which causes great threats both to the ecological environment and human life. In this study, a novel type of multifunctional deacetylated cellulose acetate/polyurethane (d-MCA:MTPU) composite nanofiber membranes for oil/water separation are successfully fabricated by electrospinning, which show super-amphiphilicity in air, super-hydrophilicity in oil, and oleophobicity in water. All the d-MCA:MTPU composite nanofiber membranes with different mass ratios can be used as water-removing, oil-removing, and emulsion separation substance only by gravity driving force. The highest separation flux for water and oil reaches up to 37 000 and 74 000 L m−2 h−1, respectively, and all the separation efficiencies are more than 99%. They have outstanding comprehensive mechanics performance, which can be controlled by simply adjusting the mass ratios. They show excellent antifouling and self-cleaning ability, endowing powerful cyclic stability and reusability. Those results show that d-MCA:MTPU composite nanofiber membranes have great application prospects in oil/water separation. 相似文献
10.
为研究变压器内部故障在线检测方法的有效性及抗干扰性,搭建实际变压器的非线性三维有限元模型.对变压器常见几种类型的内部故障进行详细的结构仿真,通过"场-路耦合法"构建各类型故障的ΔV-I1轨迹.同时,通过对正常绕组的测量信号设置一定的误差,构建了考虑测量误差时的误差轨迹.在此基础上,将正常时的标准轨迹、误差轨迹和各种类型的故障轨迹进行对比分析,通过对ΔV-I1轨迹特征差异的定性分析与定量计算,验证该方法在实际应用中的有效性,总结判断各类型故障的规则,同时针对测量误差所造成的干扰提出了建议. 相似文献