Relations of conceptions of gender-role transgressions and gender constancy to gender-typed toy preferences.

Examined the relations among preschoolers' gender-typed toy choice, their judgments regarding cross-gender behavior, and gender constancy. Gender-typed toy choice of 87 preschool children was assessed with a measure in which children could base their choices not only on gender but also on attractiveness. Children's judgments regarding cross-gender behavior were measured, and their level of cognitive constancy was assessed. Results indicated that children's level of reasoning, but not their gender constancy level, was related to gender-typed toy preferences. Children with more flexible norms, who could distinguish between moral and social norms, exhibited less gender-typed toy choices than children with rigid norms. Results are discussed in terms of the relation between cognitive aspects of gender typing and gender-typed toy preference. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Volatilization of zinc and lead in direct recycling of stainless steel making dust

The volatilization of zinc and lead from the stainless steel making dust pellets in the direct recycling procedure was conducted by using a thermo-gravimetric analyzer and a Tamman furnace in the nitrogen atmosphere respectively. The results show that the temperature has a significant effect on the volatilization rates of zinc and lead,and the carbon content in the pellets has no effect on the volatilization process. The volatilization of zinc is controlled by the chemical reaction between zinc oxide and carbon monoxide, while the volatilization of lead is controlled by the evaporation from liquid phase to the atmosphere. The volatilization of zinc and lead mainly happen at about 1000℃ according to non-isothermal experiment.     

Liquid marbles,formation and locomotion using external fields and forces

Liquid marbles may be traditionally formed by rolling a droplet on a bed of non-wetting particles resulting in encapsulation and stabilisation. Particles used in this process may range from nanometre to millimetre if handled with sufficient care. This method, however, runs the risk of droplet coalescence and is limited to non-wetting particles. Currently there exist some alternative methods of formulation including using electrostatics to either deliver a particle bed to the droplet or pull the droplet to the particles. The former has shown some promise in potential batch processes but is hindered by interparticle forces. Additional production methods include a form of blender, but this has shown to be unable to produce marbles of a narrow size distribution. Once formed, liquid marbles have demonstrated value as potential blood typing devices, as micro-reaction vessels due to the inherent barrier between the internal phase and the substrate whilst maintaining gas permeability, and as contaminant sensors. Liquid marbles also demonstrate a remarkable level of elasticity under compressive force and reduced evaporation rates when compared to bare water droplets, a function of the size and composition of the stabilising particles. In addition to this, liquid marbles have been proposed as actuators. Locomotion may easily be induced in these structures, using electrostatics, sound, magnetism or light depending on the particle/liquid combinations used in formation, and the environment of deployment. This review seeks to present and summarise recent advances in the field of liquid marble manufacture and methods for actuation. We also aim to highlight potential future avenues of further study within this arena.     

Psychosocial aspects of selected issues in women's reproductive health: Current status and future directions.

Emphasizing research published in the past decade, this article presents a summary and evaluation of psychosocial investigations of women's reproductive health, with a focus on selected aspects of menstruation, pregnancy and birth, infertility, and menopause. In some areas, studies have focused on negative physical and psychological concomitants of these health issues. However, research reveals substantial individual variability, with most women adapting well to reproductive health changes. Although methodological and conceptual shortcomings have limited firm conclusions, research has advanced our understanding of the multivariate biological, psychological, and social influences on women's reproductive health and associated outcomes. Understanding and promoting women's reproductive health across the lifespan requires biopsychosocial approaches to research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Re-expression of the mannose 6-phosphate receptors in receptor-deficient fibroblasts. Complementary function of the two mannose 6-phosphate receptors in lysosomal enzyme targeting

We have previously generated primary embryonic fibroblasts lacking either the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor (MPR) or the cation-dependent MPR, two trans-membrane proteins that bind the mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P) recognition marker on soluble lysosomal enzymes (Ludwig, T., Munier-Lehmann, H., Bauer, U., Hollinshead, M., Ovitt, C., Lobel, P., and Hoflack, B.(1994) EMBO J. 13, 3430-3437). These two cell types partially missort phosphorylated lysosomal enzymes. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we show here that they secrete, in a large part, different phosphorylated ligands. In order to better understand the sorting function of the MPRs, we have re-expressed each MPR in MPR-negative fibroblasts. We show that the MPRs have similar capacities for transporting the bulk of the newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes and that they target individual ligands with various efficiencies. However, high levels of one MPR do not fully compensate for the absence of the other, demonstrating that the two MPRs have complementary targeting functions, perhaps by recognizing different features on lysosomal enzymes. The analysis of the phosphorylated oligosaccharides shows that the ligands missorted in the absence of the cation-dependent MPR are slightly but significantly depleted in oligosaccharides with two Man-6-P residues, when compared with those missorted in the absence of the cation-independent MPR. While these results could explain some differences between the structure and the sorting function of the two MPRs, they strongly suggest that the reason why cells express two different but related MPRs is to maintain an efficient Man-6-P-dependent targeting process that could be potentially regulated by MPR expression.     

The state-of-the-art in computer security

If information and communication systems in the future are going to be more secure and private than those being used today, system designers and computer security experts are going to have to push off in a new direction. Building security into an existing or production system on an after-the-fact basis simply has not worked well. The new direction must be based upon making better system design and security decisions today, through a more careful analysis of the likely impact of new technology on information systems in the future.     

Pregnancy-specific stress, prenatal health behaviors, and birth outcomes.

Objective: Stress in pregnancy predicts earlier birth and lower birth weight. The authors investigated whether pregnancy-specific stress contributes uniquely to birth outcomes compared with general stress, and whether prenatal health behaviors explain this association. Design: Three structured prenatal interviews (N = 279) assessing state anxiety, perceived stress, life events, pregnancy-specific stress, and health behaviors. Main Outcome Measures: Gestational age at delivery, birth weight, preterm delivery (     

电弧炉粉尘等温还原的动力学研究

为使还原条件与实际电弧炉生产相接近,在等温条件下对电弧炉粉尘球团的还原过程动力学进行了研究。电弧炉粉尘与还原剂碳和粘接剂石灰均匀混合后制粒,经干燥后将球闭置于恒定温度的加热炉中,利用电子称定时对球团重量进行检测。金属还原率的计算中,考虑了球团的失重、铅和锌在高温下挥发。经研究,电弧炉粉尘的还原分为二个阶段,还原初期由化学反应控制而还原后期由扩散控制,并建立了每一阶段的还原动力学方程,确定了有关的动力学参数表观活化能和频率因子。     

电弧炉粉尘球团直接还原的热传导模型

对电弧炉炼钢粉尘加上还原剂碳混合制粒成的球团还原过程的热传导行为进行了研究,根据实验推导了球团导热模型的结构参数,并试图建立热传导模型。     

Electric arc furnace dust non-isothermal reduction kinetics

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