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Journal of Chemical Ecology - There is increasing evidence that microorganisms, particularly fungi and bacteria, emit volatile compounds that mediate the foraging behaviour of insects and therefore...  相似文献   
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冠状病毒具有一层脂质膜。虽然复制需要劫持宿主的RNA工具来合成病毒体蛋白,但必须将其包裹在脂质膜中,促其萌生以扩展感染。最近研究表明,某些必需脂肪酸可以抑制其复制活性。脂质膜通常被认为是水溶物的脂肪屏障,但它对细胞和亚细胞的功能是高度有序和组分特异性的,其对病毒外壳可能也有最佳的特异性。虽然复制中DNA、RNA和蛋白质组成不受饮食影响,但脂质膜受其影响。此外,自1960年代以来,人们就知道男性对这些必需脂肪酸和膜完整性不足的敏感性高于女性。有证据表明,花生四烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸具有抗病毒、免疫、抗炎、控制血压和消退素活性,因此,迫切需要考察它们在Covid-19预防和治疗中的地位,也需重新评估现行的膳食指导。当前,有关脑、神经、血管和免疫系统等富含膜系统对脂质需求还尚未被详细认识。毫无疑问,这些脂质在几百万年来塑造人类基因组方面具有重要意义,因此,如果这些膜脂质失衡将会使人类面临机体紊乱和感染风险,且男性比女性风险更大。  相似文献   
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Furan fatty acids (FuFAs) are valuable antioxidants with highly effective radical scavenging properties which are widely distributed at low levels in food. Previous research indicated that tea is a valuable source of FuFAs. However, tea is only consumed in form of infusions. To fill this gap, we prepared infusions from different herbal, green, and black teas. Initial measurements with GC-MSMS of tea verified previous findings that 11-(3,4-dimethyl-5-penylfuran-2-yl)-undecanoic acid (11D5) was the prevalent FuFA in tea matrix. Therefore, 11D5 was quantified in tea infusions by means of UHPLC-MSMS equipment after mild alkaline hydrolysis. While herbal tea infusions were low or free of FuFAs, 11D5 was detectable in all samples of green and black tea infusions. Amounts of 11D5 were higher in green tea than in black tea. Moreover, Darjeeling tea infusions were by ~30% richer in 11D5 than black and green teas from other regions. Each cup of green and black tea infusion may provide 20–60 μg 11D5, which is about 5% of the amounts found in tea samples. Spread over the day, regular tea consumption may contribute to the intake of valuable FuFAs.  相似文献   
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In response to the growing interest in offshore wind energy development in California, the U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management delineated three Call Areas for potential leasing. This study provides a comprehensive characterization and comparison of offshore wind power potential within the two Central California Call Areas (Diablo Canyon and Morro Bay) using 12- and 15-MW turbines under different inter-turbine spacing and wind farm size scenarios. Our analysis shows similar daily and seasonal patterns of wind power produced within the Call Areas, which peak in spring and during evening hours. Per-turbine power production is higher in the Morro Bay Call Area due to slightly higher hub-height wind speeds, whereas total power production is higher in the Diablo Canyon Call Area due to its larger size. Turbine type had a negligible impact on average power production per-unit-area because while larger turbines produce more power, they require greater inter-turbine spacing. Combined power production from the two fully built out Call Areas could equal nearly a quarter of California's current annual electrical energy production. A commercial-scale wind farm with a realized power output of 960 MW would require a footprint of at least half of the Morro Bay Call Area or at least a quarter of the Diablo Canyon Call Area. These results provide guidance on offshore wind development over the Central California Coast, and the framework demonstrated here could be applied to other wind data sets in other regions.  相似文献   
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Surface passivation treatment is a widely used strategy to resolve trap-mediated nonradiative recombination toward high-efficiency metal-halide perovskite photovoltaics. However, a lack of passivation with mixture treatment has been investigated, as well as an in-depth understanding of its passivation mechanism. Here, a systematic study on a mixed-salt passivation strategy of formamidinium bromide (FABr) coupled with different F-substituted alkyl lengths of ammonium iodide is demonstrated. It is obtained better device performance with decreasing chain length of the F-substituted alkyl ammonium iodide in the presence of FABr. Moreover, they unraveled a synergistic passivation mechanism of the mixed-salt treatment through surface reconstruction engineering, where FABr dominates the reformation of the perovskite surface via reacting with the excess PbI2. Meanwhile, ammonium iodide passivates the perovskite grain boundaries both on the surface and top perovskite bulk through penetration. This synergistic passivation engineer results in a high-quality perovskite surface with fewer defects and suppressed ion migration, leading to a champion efficiency of 23.5% with mixed-salt treatment. In addition, the introduction of the moisture resisted F-substituted groups presents a more hydrophobic perovskite surface, thus enabling the decorated devices with excellent long-term stability under a high humid atmosphere as well as operational conditions.  相似文献   
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The current demand for high-refractive index materials is very high due to their importance in optoelectronic applications. Such materials already exist in the market, but they present many disadvantages. They might contain toxic metals; their preparation can be challenging or produce high quantity of waste. Consequently, there is an urgent need to produce new friendly coatings with high-refractive index. Hybrid organic–inorganic polysiloxanes can offer a solution to this problem. They can be easily prepared from nontoxic alkoxy silanes using the sol–gel chemistry process. Herein, a series of new hybrid polysiloxanes are synthesized from the monomer 1–(2–(triethoxysilyl)ethyl)triphenylsilane and other silanes. The preparation of the macromolecules is optimized at both stages of the sol–gel process. The polymers are characterized by gel permeation chromatography and NMR spectroscopy. Spin coating of the materials on silicon wafers, followed by film thickness and refractive index measurements, indicates that the new polysiloxanes can have refractive indexes as high as 1.6 with thicknesses varying from 2200 to 3700 nm. Consequently, it is expected that the new materials described in this report are valuable for optoelectronic applications such as high-dielectric constant (high-k) gate oxides, interlayer high-k dielectrics, or high-refractive index abrasion resistant coatings.  相似文献   
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4-(2-((2-hydroxybenzyl)amino)ethyl)-2,5-dimethoxybenzonitrile (25CN-NBOH) was first reported as a potent and selective serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) agonist in 2014, and it has since found extensive use as a pharmacological tool in a variety of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies. 25CN-NBOH is readily available from a synthetic perspective using standard chemical transformations, and displays favorable physiochemical properties in terms of stability and solubility. Due to its superior selectivity for 5-HT2AR, 25CN-NBOH has been used to investigate the effects of selective 5-HT2AR activation in vivo, and has thus become an important pharmacological tool for the exploration of 5-HT2AR signaling in a range of animal models. In the present review, we outline the discovery of 25CN-NBOH, its pharmacological profile and major findings from studies where it has been used.  相似文献   
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