用活性炭吸附强化超滤过程脱除废水中染料的研究(英文)

In this study, orange G dye was efficiently removed from aqueous solution by ultrafiltration (UF) mem-brane separation enhanced with activated carbon adsorption. The powdered activated carbon (PAC) was deposited onto the UF membrane surface, forming an intact filter cake. The enhanced UF process simultaneously exploited the high water permeation flux of porous membrane and the high adsorption ability of PAC toward dye molecules. The influencing factors on the dye removal were investigated. The results indicated that with sufficient PAC incor-poration, the formation of intact PAC filtration cake led to nearly complete rejection for dye solution under opti-mized dye concentration and operation pressure, without large sacrificing the permeation flux of the filtration process. Typically, the dye rejection ratio increased from 43.6% for single UF without adsorption to nearly 100% for the en-hanced UF process, achieving long time continuous treatment with water permeation flux of 47 L·m 2·h 1. The pre-sent study demonstrated that adsorption enhanced UF may be a feasible method for the dye wastewater treatment.     

CO2吸收富液膜法解吸的研究

为大幅降低溶剂再生过程中的解吸能耗,提出了膜解吸再生新工艺。考察了交联剂类型及其质量分数、温度、流速等工艺条件对解吸效果的影响。结果表明,当解吸温度为35℃,CO2吸收富液流速为1 709 mL/min时,以N-β(氨乙基)-γ氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(质量分数50%)为交联剂的甲基聚硅烷-聚丙烯腈复合膜,实现了CO2从解吸富液中的有效分离,CO2富集因子达24.4,渗透通量为969.6 g.m-2.h-1。     

可溶性DBSA掺杂PANI接枝MWNTs复合材料的结构与性能

多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)经对苯二胺功能化后,苯胺基团以3.7%的含量通过酰胺键连接到MWNTs表面(p-MWNTs),以十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)为掺杂剂和乳化剂,通过原位聚合,制备了在四氢呋喃(THF)中稳定溶解的DBSA掺杂聚苯胺(PANI)接枝MWNTs(PANI-g-MWNTs)导电复合材料.采用Raman光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见光谱(UV-vis)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和四电极电导率仪研究复合材料的结构与性能.实验结果表明,p-MWNTs表面的苯胺基团参与原位聚合反应,使PANI与p-MWNTs通过酰胺键连接起来,形成以p-MWNTs为核、DBSA掺杂PANI为壳的纳米结构.包覆层中DBSA掺杂PANI受限生长在p-MWNTs表面,其结构规整度较纯DBSA掺杂PANI提高.DBSA掺杂PANI-g-MWNTs复合材料溶解在THF中获得31.55 mg/mL的溶解度和至少1个月的稳定性,该复合材料的室温电导率为6.23×10-1 S/cm,较纯DBSA掺杂PANI提高1个数量级.     

煤气化废水深度处理与回用研究进展

煤气化废水水质复杂,污染物浓度高,处理难度大。分析了煤气化废水的组成及特点,概述了煤气化废水深度处理与回用的工艺现状。针对不同工艺存在的问题,以提高水回收率为重点,探讨了多膜工艺(超滤、纳滤、反渗透、电渗析)深度处理煤气化废水的可行性,展望了煤气化废水深度处理与资源化利用工艺的发展方向。     

引入天然黏合剂作为黏合层的复合膜用于渗透蒸发乙醇脱水(英文)

A high performance composite membrane was prepared under the inspiration of bioadhesion principles for pervaporative dehydration of ethanol. Chitosan (CS) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ultrafiltration membranes were used as the active layer and the support layer, respectively. Guar gum (GG), a natural bioadhesive, was in-troduced as the intermediate bonding layer to improve the separation performance and stability of the fabricated CS/GG/PAN composite membranes. The contact angle of the GG layer was just between those of the CS layer and the PAN layer, minimizing the difference of hydrophilicity between the active layer and the support layer. The peeling strength of the composite membrane was significantly enhanced after the introduction of the GG layer. The effects of preparation conditions and operation conditions including GG concentration, operating tempera-ture and ethanol concentration in feed on the pervaporation performance were investigated. The as-fabricated CS/GG/PAN composite membrane showed the optimum performance with a permeation flux of up to 804 g·m?2·h?1 and a separation factor higher than 1900. Besides, the composite membranes exhibited a desir-able long-term operational stability.     

分子印迹聚合物的设计与制备

对分子印迹聚合物的设计、制备及其特性以及分子印迹技术的未来发展方向进行简要评述。过程及方法：概述了分子印迹技术的原理和特点，重点介绍了分子印迹聚合物的制备和特性，最后分析了分子印迹技术目前存在的一些突出问题。结果及应用范围：作为一种制备具有亲和性和选择性高、稳定性好的分子印迹聚合物的技术，分子印迹以其简便、通用和高效等特点吸引了研究者的广泛兴趣。分子印迹聚合物在分离分析、仿生传感器和模拟酶催化等领域将具有重要的应用前景。     

网络选址的绝对重心问题和赋权绝对重心（p=1）问题的一种新方法证明

网络选址的绝对重心和赋权绝对重心问题是网络选址的两个经典的问题。以往的文献对于这两个问题的证明很复杂,在这里使用反证法,重新给出了一个比较简单,易懂的证明。通过证明,可以更好的分析和理解这两个问题。     

二元水溶液在渗透蒸发膜中的传质模型

对二元水溶液在渗透蒸发膜中的传质过程进行了研究,基于Flory Huggins高分子热力学理论和Fujita自由体积理论建立了改进的溶解 扩散模型。在该模型中考虑了组分间相互作用,组分体积分数、温度、膜材料和渗透物特性对传质过程的影响,考察了组分体积分数对相互作用参数的影响,膜材料对水的溶解选择性的影响,原料液组分体积分数、操作温度以及膜厚对渗透通量和分离因子的影响。     

新型渗透蒸发膜聚甲基双苯基硅氧烷膜的制备和分离

采用2种不同配方制备出苯基含量不同的聚甲基双苯基硅氧烷(PMPhS)膜并用于分离苯-水体系。接触角测定结果表明2种膜比PDMS膜亲苯疏水性增强。以渗透通量和分离因子为评价指标,研究了原料液温度、流动状况、质量分数、膜下游侧压力对渗透蒸发分离性能的影响,结果表明,随着原料液温度、流速以及料液浓度的提高,通量和分离因子都增加,随着下游侧压力的升高,通量和分离因子均降低。