La2Ni7和LaMgNi7储氢合金电子结构的研究

采用密度泛函理论研究了La2Ni7和LaMg-Ni7储氢合金的电子结构,探讨了微观结构和合金宏观性能之间的关联性.结果表明,含Mg元素的LaMgNi7体系形成成键作用的Ni-Mg键,体系稳定性高于纯La2Ni7体系.同时LaMgNi7体系中的Ni-Ni键强度弱于La2Ni7体系中的相应键,降低了H进入体系的能量壁垒,改...     

快淬纳米晶/非晶Mg2Ni1-xMnx(x=0～0.4)合金电极的电化学性能

用快淬工艺制备了纳米晶和非晶Mg2Ni型Mg2Ni1-xMnx(x=0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4)合金,获得长度连续,厚度约为30μm,宽度约为25mm的薄带.用XRD、HRTEM分析了快淬合金薄带的微观结构,测试了合金薄带的电化学性能及电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS),测试了电位阶跃后的阳极电流-时间相应曲线,并计算...     

快淬纳米晶/非晶Mg2-xLaxNi（x=0～0.6）电极合金的电化学贮氢性能

为了改善Mg2Ni型合金的电化学贮氢性能,用La部分替代Mg,并用铸造及快淬工艺制备了Mg2-xLaxNi（x=0、0.2、0.4、0.6）电极合金,获得长度连续,厚度约为30μm,宽度约为25mm的薄带。用XRD、SEM和HRTEM分析了快淬合金薄带的微观结构,测试了合金薄带的电化学性能、电化学交流阻抗谱（EIS）及氢在合金中的扩散系数（D）。结果发现,在快淬无La合金中没有出现非晶相,但快淬La替代合金显示了以非晶相为主的结构,表明La替代Mg提高了合金的非晶形成能力。当x≤0.2时,La替代Mg不改变合金的Mg2Ni型主相,但出现少量的LaMg3及La2Mg17相。La替代及快淬明显改善合金的电化学贮氢性能。其中,Mg2La0.2Ni合金具有最佳的综合电化学性能。当淬速从0m/s（铸态被定义为淬速0m/s）增加到30m/s时,Mg2La0.2Ni合金的放电容量从197.2mAh/g增加到406.5mAh/g,20次充放循环后的容量保持率从52.7%增加到81.4%,高倍率放电能力从48.3%增加到56.8%,氢扩散系数（D）从8.12×10-12cm2/s增加到1.80×10-11cm2/s。     

La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5Si0.10贮氢合金高温动力学性能的研究

贮氢合金在高温下会表现出与常温不同的电化学特性,以La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5Si0.10合金为研究对象,采用交流阻抗谱和电位阶跃方法,对其高温使用环境下（30～70℃）的高倍率放电特性和动力学性能进行了深入的研究。研究结果表明合金的动力学性能是由电化学反应与氢的扩散共同控制的,合金的电荷传递电阻随温度升高而减小,高温有助于电极表面电化学反应速度的提高;但对于La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5Si0.10合金存在最佳氢扩散温度,当温度高于其最佳温度时,由于释氢等副反应的进行,以及氧化腐蚀反应的加剧等,使合金的扩散系数反而减小;在合金表面电化学反应速度与氢扩散系数共同作用下,La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5Si0.10合金高倍率放电性能在45℃时最优异,当温度高于45℃时反而降低。     

Mg-Ni基储氢合金的研究进展与发展趋势

系统阐述了近年来Mg-Ni基储氢合金的研究开发概况,指出Mg-Ni基储氢合金具有放电容量高、资源丰富、价格低廉等突出优点,分析了影响Mg-Ni基储氢合金储氢性能的主要因素,总结了近年来采用的行之有效的改进方法,主要有制备非晶/纳米晶、元素替代、添加催化剂等,并对Mg-Ni基储氢合金今后的发展方向进行了探讨与展望,指出Mg-Ni基储氢合金虽然前景可观,但是要实现实际应用仍然存在一些问题需要解决。     

熔体快淬对纳米晶和非晶Mg20Ni10-xCox(x≈0～4)合金电化学贮氢性能的影响

为了改善Mg2Ni型合金的电化学贮氢性能,用Co部分替代合金中的Ni.用快淬工艺制备了纳米晶和非晶Mg20Ni10-xCox(x=0、1、2、3、4)贮氢合金,分析了铸态及快淬态合金的微观结构,测试了合金的电化学贮氢性能.研究了Co替代Ni及快淬工艺对合金电化学贮氢性能的影响.结果表明,Co替代Ni不改变合金的Mg2Ni主相,但形成了第二相MgCo2.在快淬(x=0)合金中没有发现非晶相,但快淬(x=4)合金显示了纳米晶、非晶结构,表明Co替代Ni提高了Mg2Ni型舍金的非晶形成能力.熔体快淬显著的改善了合金的电化学贮氢性能,合金放电容量和电化学循环稳定性均随淬速的增加而增加.     

快淬对La-Mg-Ni系A_2B_7型电极合金循环稳定性的影响

用熔体快淬工艺制备了La-Mg-Ni系A2B7型La0.75-xZrxMg0.25Ni3.2Co0.2Al0.1（x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2）电极合金。用XRD、SEM、TEM分析了铸态及快淬态合金的微观结构,用程控电池测试设备测试了铸态及快淬态合金电极的电化学循环稳定性,研究了快淬工艺对合金结构及电化学循环稳定性的影响,探讨了电极合金的失效机理。结果表明,快淬态合金均具有多相结构,包括两个主相（La,Mg）Ni3及LaNi5和一个残余相LaNi2。快淬处理可以显著改善合金的电化学循环稳定性。导致合金失效的主要原因是电极表面被电解液剧烈腐蚀以及合金电极在电化学循环过程中的粉化。     

Structures and electrochemical performances of La_(0.75-x)Zr_xMg_(0.25)Ni_(3.2)Co_(0.2)Al_(0.1) (x=0-0.2) electrode alloys prepared by melt spinning

The La-Mg-Ni system A2B7-type electrode alloys with nominal composition La0.75-xZrxMg0.25Ni3.2Co0.2Al0.1(x=0,0.05, 0.1,0.15,0.2)were prepared by casting and melt-spinning.The influences of melt spinning on the electrochemical performances as well as the structures of the alloys were investigated.The results obtained by XRD,SEM and TEM show that the as-cast and spun alloys have a multiphase structure,consisting of two main phases(La,Mg)Ni3 and LaNi5 as well as a residual phase LaNi2.The melt spinning leads to an obvious increase of the LaNi5 phase and a decrease of the(La,Mg)Ni3 phase in the alloys.The results of the electrochemical measurement indicate that the discharge capacity of the alloys(x≤0.1)first increases and then decreases with the increase of spinning rate,whereas for x0.1,the discharge capacity of the alloys monotonously falls.The melt spinning slightly impairs the activation capability of the alloys,but it significantly enhances the cycle stability of the alloys.     

Co替代Ni对快淬纳米晶/非晶Mg_2Ni型合金吸放氢动力学的影响

为了改善Mg2Ni型合金的吸放氢动力学性能,用Co部分替代合金中的Ni。用快淬工艺制备了纳米晶和非晶Mg20Ni10-xCox(x=0,1,2,3,4)贮氢合金,分析了铸态及快淬态合金的微观结构,测试了合金的吸放氢动力学性能。研究了Co替代Ni及快淬工艺对合金吸放氢动力学性能的影响。结果表明,在快淬合金(x=0)中没有发现非晶相,但快淬合金(x=4)显示了纳米晶/非晶结构,表明Co替代Ni提高了Mg2Ni型合金的非晶形成能力。Co替代Ni不改变合金的Mg2Ni主相,但形成了第二相MgCo2。随Co替代量的增加,合金的吸氢量先增加而后减少,但其放氢量随Co替代量的增加而单调增加。     

Influence of substituting Ni with Co on hydriding and dehydriding kinetics of melt spun nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg2Ni-type alloys

In order to improve the hydriding and dehydriding kinetics of the Mg₂Ni-type alloys, Ni in the alloy is substituted by element Co. The nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg₂Ni-type Mg₂Ni_1−x Co _x (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) alloys were synthesized by melt-spinning technique. The structures of the as-cast and spun alloys were studied with an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and a high resolution transmission electronic microscope (HRTEM). An investigation on the thermal stability of the as-spun alloys was carried out with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics of the alloys were measured with an automatically controlled Sieverts apparatus. The results demonstrate that the substitution of Co for Ni does not alter the major phase of Mg₂Ni but results in the formation of secondary phase MgCo₂. No amorphous phase is detected in the as-spun Co-free alloy, but a certain amount of amorphous phase is clearly found in the as-spun Co-containing alloys. The substitution of Co for Ni exerts a slight influence on the hydriding kinetics of the as-spun alloy. However, it dramatically enhances the dehydriding kinetics of the as-cast and spun alloys. As Co content (x) increases from 0 to 0.4, the hydrogen desorption capacity increases from 0.19% to 1.39% (mass fraction) in 20 min for the as-cast alloy, and from 0.89% to 2.18% (mass fraction) for the as-spun alloy (30 m/s).