炭黑填充Lyocell纤维的制备及其用于炭纤维原丝的研究初探

为了提高Lyocell基炭纤维的得率及其力学性能，制备了不同含量炭黑填充的Lyocell纤维用做炭纤维原丝。采用X-衍射(WAXD)、热重分析(TGA)、扫描电镜(SEM)、强度仪等分析了试样的结构与性能。WAXD表明炭黑填充的LyoceH纤维仍然具有纤维素Ⅱ晶型的结构，同时还保留了炭黑的特征衍射峰；TGA表明该纤维热稳定性不变，添加质量分数为10％和30％炭黑的LyoceH纤维在1000℃时的碳得率可分别提高4．4％和17．1％：SEM显示该纤维表面光滑且截面为圆形，符合优质炭纤维原丝的要求；炭黑填充的Lyocell基炭纤维的WAXD图谱与一般Lyocell基炭纤维图谱不同。选择质量分数为10％的炭黑添加量制备出的Lyocell基炭纤维其强度和模量分别比未填充炭黑的Lyocell基炭纤维提高22％和42％，大样实验已制备出强度和模量分别为0．8GPa和70GPa的炭纤维。  

新型弹性合金研究

阐述了铍青铜弹性合金的发展和应用,讨论了它的优点和缺点所在.同时,讨论了新型弹性合金如Cu-Ni-Sn合金的发展状况,阐述了Cu-Ni-Sn合金的制备工艺和组织性能,最后讨论了新型Cu-Ni-Sn合金的研究发展方向.  

碳纳米管的表面修饰对Co-Mo催化剂HDS性能影响的研究

采用程序升温脱附(TPD)、Boehm滴定以及质量滴定(Masstitration)等方法分析了多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)经过浓硝酸改性处理前后的表面酸性和酸性分布;同时运用XRD技术研究了碳纳米管负载Co Mo催化剂的表面物种和活性组分的分散;并在高压微型反应器中,以二苯并噻吩(DBT)为模型化合物,对碳纳米管负载的Co Mo催化剂体系进行了加氢脱硫(HDS)活性评价,以期揭示碳纳米管的表面修饰对其负载Co Mo催化剂HDS性能的影响。研究结果表明:MWCNT表面呈一定的碱性,通过浓硝酸化学修饰以后,反而呈现较强的酸性,并且随着酸处理时间的延长,表面的酸性进一步增加。如,M MWCNT 6(酸化6h)表面总酸量为1.29×10-3mol/g,M MWCNT 24(酸化24h)表面总酸量为2.46×10-3mol/g。酸改性提高了Co Mo催化剂在MWCNT表面的分散程度,以致Co Mo/MWCNT催化剂的HDS活性和选择性明显高于Co Mo/γ Al2O3催化体系。然而,Co Mo/M MWC NT 6的HDS活性以及选择性与Co Mo/MWCNT相差不多,略有降低,但是仍比Co Mo/γ Al2O3催化体系的HDS活性高。Co Mo/M MWCNT 24催化剂的HDS活性降低很多,并且催化性能发生了很大改变,产物中出现了大量的副产物1,2 二苯基乙烷。表明,深度酸化改性反而不利于提高碳纳米管负载Co Mo催化体系的HDS活性。  

“高分子材料研究方法综合实验”课程的教学探索

"高分子材料研究方法综合实验"课程将高分子化学、高分子物理、高分子材料研究方法实验进行有机综合,形成一门单独开课的高分子科学实验课程。文中介绍了综合实验课程教学改革的意义、教材的编写情况,以及单独开课实践的具体措施,最后介绍了综合实验课程教学改革对培养学生的实验技能和创新能力的促进作用。  

Fatigue Property of Nano-grained Delaminated Low-carbon Steel Sheet

Tension-tension fatigue life tests on nano-grained delaminated low-carbon steel sheet under different fatigue loads are carried out to study the fatigue properties of the steel.The three-dimensional microstructures of the steel are observed by TEM.In addition,the morphology of the fatigue fracture of the specimen under different loads is observed by SEM.The results show that micro-cracks form on the weak interface of the nano-grained steel under low-stress conditions,which hinders the propagation of the main cracks and reduces the fatigue crack propagation rate,resulting in the extending fatigue life of the steel.  

Osteogenesis and Degradation Behavior of rhBMP-27/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Porous Composite Materials

Ultrafine-tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP)Powders with good crystalline structure were produced by a new wet process Throough bone tissue engineering approach  

高掺杂氧化镝的BSA玻璃的制备稳定性研究

为了研究高掺杂稀土情况下B2O3-SiO2-Al2O3体系玻璃的成玻璃性能,玻璃受到不同的化学溶液侵蚀时的抗腐蚀能力,及其腐蚀的机理与规律.通过采用扩张选点方法,探讨了的玻璃的形成区域图;采用UV3101-PC型分光光度仪,DTA和粉末失重法等测试手段研究了玻璃的化学稳定性.通过比较不同的H 浓度,不同场强的稀土离子,以及玻璃表面覆盖层等影响因素对玻璃化学腐蚀速率的影响规律,结果表明,BSA玻璃具有较好的玻璃形成能力;化学侵蚀过程中由于稀土离子的氢氧化物扩散与H 离子交换作用会影响玻璃化学侵蚀程度,因此玻璃耐酸性最差,耐碱性最好;稀土离子的场强越大,玻璃的抗腐蚀能力越强,化学稳定性越好;随着时间的延长由于玻璃表面产生了覆盖层,从而使得玻璃的溶解速率减缓.  

Effects of Rare Earth Elements on the Characteristics of Low Temperature Plasma Nitrocarburized Martensitic Stainless Steel

Low temperature plasma nitrocarburizing of 17-4PH martensitic stainless steel was conducted at 430℃ with and without rare earth (RE) addition. The microstructure, kinetics, microhardness, wear behavior as well as corrosion resistance of the modified layer were studied by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Vickers microhardness tester, pin-on-disc tribometer and potentiodynamic polarization tests. The results show that the thickness of plasma RE nitrocarburized layer is much thicker than that formed by nitrocarburizing without RE addition. The incorporation of RE does not change the kind of the phases and the nitrocarburized layer consists mainly of nitrogen and carbon expanded martensite (α N ), γ -Fe 4 N and α -Fe with a trace of CrN phases. The surface microhardness of plasma nitrocarburized layer can be increased by 100 HV after RE addition. Wear resistance of the specimen can be apparently improved by low temperature plasma nitrocarburizing with and without RE addition and without sacrificing its corrosion resistance. Wear reduction effect of low temperature plasma nitrocarburizing with RE addition is better than that of the conventional one.  

Micro-sized and Nano-sized Fe_3O_4 Particles as Anode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries

Micro-sized(1030.3±178.4 nm) and nano-sized(50.4±8.0 nm) Fe3O4 particles have been fabricated through hydrogen thermal reduction of α-Fe2O3 particles synthesized by means of a hydrothermal process.The morphology and microstructure of the micro-sized and the nano-sized Fe3O4 particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction,field-emission gun scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and highresolution electron microscopy.The micro-sized Fe3O4 particles exhibit porous structure,while the nano-sized Fe3O4 particles are solid structure.Their electrochemical performance was also evaluated.The nano-sized solid Fe3O4 particles exhibit gradual capacity fading with initial discharge capacity of 1083.1 mAhg-1 and reversible capacity retention of 32.6% over 50 cycles.Interestingly,the micro-sized porous Fe3O4 particles display very stable capacity-cycling behavior,with initial discharge capacity of 887.5 mAhg-1 and charge capacity of 684.4 mAhg-1 at the 50th cycle.Therefore,77.1% of the reversible capacity can be maintained over 50 cycles.The micro-sized porous Fe3O4 particles with facile synthesis,good cycling performance and high capacity retention are promising candidate as anode materials for high energy-density lithium-ion batteries.  

Growth Mechanism of Different Morphologies of ZnO Crystals Prepared by Hydrothermal Method

Different morphologies of zinc oxide(ZnO),including microrods,hexagonal pyramid-like rods and flower-like rod aggregates,had been synthesized,respectively,on glass substrates by controlling the reaction conditions(such as precursor concentration,reaction time and pH value) of hydrothermal method.The morphologies of the as-obtained ZnO were observed with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.Also,the crystalline natures of different ZnO crystals were analyzed with X-ray diffraction.The possible growth mechanism of ZnO crystals with different morphologies was discussed.