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1.
Using a previous model, which was developed to describe the light-induced creation of the defect density in the a-Si:H gap states, we present in this work a numerical modelling of the photodegradation effect in the a-Si:H p-i-n solar cell under continuous illumination. We first considered the simple case of a monochromatic light beam with a wavelength λ between 530-540 nm non uniformly absorbed, then the global standard solar spectrum (AM 1.5) illumination is taken into account. The photodegradation is analysed on the basis of the resulting changes in the free carrier's densities, recombination rate, band structure, electrical potential and field, space charge, and current densities. Changes in the cell's external parameters: the open circuit voltage Voc, the short circuit current density Jsc, the fill factor FF and the maximum power density Pmax are also presented.  相似文献   
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The submitted work discussed the possibility of using two of the most problematic wastes to formulate an added‐value hard wood‐composite (HWC). The lignocellulosic rice straws (RS) fibers (as reinforced filler) and recycled expanded polystyrene foam (PS) wastes (as dispersed polymer matrix), were used to formulated the hard wood product applying the hot press technique. The air dried RS was added to the molten PS at increasing ratios (30–70% mass:mass), and the reached HWC sheet was subjected to tensile strength, water absorption and acoustic resistance characterizations. Based on the experimental data, it was found that increasing the RS contents accompanied with a diminish in the tensile strength value by about 50% at 70% RS compare to that at 30% RS. To improve the adhesion between the hydrophilic filler RS and the hydrophobic PS matrix, maleated PS graft (PS‐g‐MA) was prepared and added at the expanse of the PS content, to formulate an additional wood‐composite (HWCg) aiming to have better mechanical and dimensional stability features. Results obtained indicated that increasing the coupling agent content, keeping the RS added constant, enhance the tensile strength feature in addition, reduced the water absorption for the final products by more than 45%. The data obtained suggested that, it can create added‐value hard wood composites entirely from the two nominated problematic wastes. In addition to the value gained by the environment, the reached hard wood products record acceptable mechanical characterization, dimensional stability and sound resistance properties that qualified it to replace the natural wood in many daily applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44770.  相似文献   
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BACKGROUND/AIMS: After liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis, the long-term results and the incidence of recurrence of primary disease are unknown. METHODS: In this retrospective study we reviewed the clinical course of 25 patients transplanted for autoimmune hepatitis and followed for a mean of 5.3 years (2-8.5 years). RESULTS: The actuarial 5-year patient and graft survival rates were 91% (+/-6%) and 83% (+/-8%). The actuarial 1-year rate of acute rejection was 50% (+/-10.2%), which was comparable to that of patients transplanted for primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Autoantibodies persisted in 77% of patients, at a lower titer than before liver transplantation. Ten patients were excluded from the study of autoimmune hepatitis recurrence, one because of an early postoperative death and nine because of hepatitis C virus infection acquired before or after liver transplantation. In the remaining 15 patients, who were free of hepatitis C virus infection, 5-year patient and graft survivals were 100% and 87%, respectively. Despite triple immunosuppressive therapy, three patients (20%) developed chronic hepatitis with histological and serological features of autoimmune hepatitis in the absence of any other identifiable cause. The disease was severe in two patients, leading to graft failure and asymptomatic in another, despite marked histological abnormalities. In one of these three patients, autoimmune hepatitis recurred on the second liver graft as well. CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis have an excellent survival rate although severe primary disease may recur, suggesting the need for stronger post-operative immunosuppressive therapy.  相似文献   
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A seminested PCR assay, based on the amplification of the pneumococcal pbp1A gene, was developed for the detection of penicillin resistance in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The assay was able to differentiate between intermediate (MICs = 0.25 to 0.5 microgram/ml) and higher-level (MICs = >/=1 microgram/ml) resistance. Two species-specific primers, 1A-1 and 1A-2, which amplified a 1,043-bp region of the pbp1A penicillin-binding region, were used for pneumococcal detection. Two resistance primers, 1A-R1 and 1A-R2, were designed to bind to altered areas of the pbp1A gene which, together with the downstream primer 1A-2, amplify DNA from isolates with penicillin MICs of >/=0.25 and >/=1 microgram/ml, respectively. A total of 183 clinical isolates were tested with the pbp1A assay. For 98.3% (180 of 183) of these isolates, the PCR results obtained were in agreement with the MIC data. The positive and negative predictive values of the assay were 100 and 91%, respectively, for detecting strains for which the MICs were >/=0.25 microgram/ml and were both 100% for strains for which the MICs were >/=1 microgram/ml.  相似文献   
7.
In vivo microdialysis was used to assess the effects of novelty and pain on hippocampal ACh release in male and female rats. Experiments were carried out during the dark phase and consisted of 2 days of tests: on Day 1, after Baseline 1, animals were exposed to a new cage (Novelty) to which, 30 min later, a plastic cylinder (Object) was introduced. On Day 2, after Baseline 2, the Formalin test (50 microl of formalin 10%, s.c. injected in the dorsal hindpaw) was carried out in the animal's home cage. All behaviors were recorded. The extracellular levels of ACh in the dorsal hippocampus were estimated, in 10-min samples, by assay of ACh in the dialysates by HPLC. On Day 1 the raw values of ACh were higher in females than in males, but no sex difference was present when the percentage of change was considered. In both sexes the Novelty and Object tests induced an increase in ACh levels with respect to Baseline. Higher levels of exploration were present in females than males during the first 10 min of Novelty. On Day 2, ACh release increased in both sexes during the Formalin test. No sex difference in either ACh raw values or the percentages of change were found. Females showed higher levels of licking and lower levels of activity than males. The present study shows that novelty and pain induce similar hippocampal cholinergic activation in male and female rats but different behaviors. The results are discussed in light of the several anatomical and functional sex differences present in the hippocampus.  相似文献   
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Synucleins constitute a group of unique, evolutionarily conserved proteins that are expressed predominantly in neurons of the central and peripheral nervous system. Although the normal cellular functions of synucleins are not clear, these proteins have been implicated in various neurodegenerative conditions in humans. We found that persyn, a recently characterized member of the synuclein family, is expressed not only in the nervous system but also in the stratum granulosum of the epidermis of neonatal and adult mice. This finding together with our recent observations that persyn influences neurofilament network integrity in sensory neurons raises the possibility that persyn in skin could be involved in modulation of the keratin network.  相似文献   
9.
Hen egg-white lysozyme dissolved in glycerol containing 1% water was studied by using CD and amide proton exchange monitored by two-dimensional 1H NMR. The far- and near-UV CD spectra of the protein showed that the secondary and tertiary structures of lysozyme in glycerol were similar to those in water. Thermal melting of lysozyme in glycerol followed by CD spectral changes indicated unfolding of the tertiary structure with a Tm of 76.0 +/- 0.2 degreesC and no appreciable loss of the secondary structure up to 85 degreesC. This is in contrast to the coincident denaturation of both tertiary and secondary structures with Tm values of 74.8 +/- 0.4 degreesC and 74.3 +/- 0.7 degreesC, respectively, under analogous conditions in water. Quenched amide proton exchange experiments revealed a greater structural protection of amide protons in glycerol than in water for a majority of the slowly exchanging protons. The results point to a highly ordered, native-like structure of lysozyme in glycerol, with the stability exceeding that in water.  相似文献   
10.
A new type of antimicrobial peptide, snakin-1 (SN1), has been isolated from potato tubers and found to be active, at concentrations < 10 microM, against bacterial and fungal pathogens from potato and other plant species. The action of SN1 and potato defensin PTH1 was synergistic against the bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus and additive against the fungus Botrytis cinerea. Snakin-1 causes aggregation of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The peptide has 63 amino acid residues (M(r) 6,922), 12 of which are cysteines, and is unrelated to any previously isolated protein, although it is homologous to amino acid sequences deduced from cloned cDNAs that encode gibberellin-inducible mRNAs and has some sequence motifs in common with kistrin and other hemotoxic snake venoms. A degenerate oligonucleotide probe based on the internal sequence CCEECKC has been used to clone an SN1 cDNA. With the cDNA used as probe, one copy of the StSN1 gene per haploid genome has been estimated and expression of the gene has been detected in tubers, stems, axillary buds, and young floral buds. Expression levels in petals and carpels from fully developed flowers were much higher than in sepals and stamens. The expression pattern of gene StSN1 suggests that protein SN1 may be a component of constitutive defense barriers, especially those of storage and reproductive plant organs.  相似文献   
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