Structural silicone sealants after exposure to laboratory test for durability assessment

During the service life of structural sealant glazing (SSG) facades, the load-bearing capacity of the silicone bonds needs to be guaranteed. Laboratory tests can assess the durability of SSG-systems based on mechanical characteristics of the bond after simultaneous exposure to both climatic and mechanical loads. This article studies how the material characteristics of two common structural sealants are affected by laboratory and field exposure. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) confirms a reduction in the dynamic modulus of exposed silicone samples. Results from thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and small-angle X-ray scattering/wide-angle X-ray scattering show differences between the two sealants and indicate no/minor changes in the composition and morphology of the laboratory and field exposed sealants. Mechanical characterization methods, such as DMA, and tensile and shear testing of the structural bond, are shown to be sensitive toward the combined climatic and mechanical loadings, and are hence suitable for studying degradation mechanisms of structural sealants.     

LT6011在霍尔传感器和DAC放大器中的应用

引言具有宽供电电压范围的传统单片微功率运算放大器需要一个大芯片面积,因而导致封装和占位面积都很大。非传统的双路运算放大器LT6011在一种纤巧的新型封装内实现了25μV输入的精准微功率操作以及2.7～36V的电源电压范围,这种3mm×3mm的DFN封装非常之小,甚至没有引线。LT6011还提供了轨至轨输出摆幅,并采用具有超级电流增益放大系数的输入晶体管来实现安培级的输入电流。霍尔传感器放大器图1示出了LT6011被用作一个低功率霍尔传感器放大器时的情形。霍尔传感器的磁灵敏度与加在其两端的DC激励电压成比例。当偏置电压为1V时,该霍尔传…     

A Composite Index of Compliance for Chronic In‐Center Hemodialysis Patients

We developed a composite compliance index as the sum of the compliance scores for interdialytic weight gain (IDWG), pre‐dialysis serum potassium and phosphorus concentrations (each scored from zero to 3, with 3 indicating the poorest compliance), and skipping hemodialysis sessions (scored from zero to 9, with 9 indicating the poorest compliance). We used this composite score to prospectively evaluate compliance in 25 prevalent hemodialysis patients over a period of 1 year. We then followed these patients for another 3.5 years. The patients studied were divided into two groups: group A (poor compliance) consisted of 9 subjects with composite score ≥ 9 (13.2 ± 3.2); group B (better compliance) consisted of 16 subjects with composite score < 9 (4.7 ± 1.8). Age, duration of hemodialysis, and frequency of diabetes mellitus did not differ between the groups. Group A contained higher fractions of subjects with history of alcoholism (66.7% vs 12.5%, p = 0.010), other substance addiction (44.4% vs 0%, p = 0.010), and severe psychosocial problems (88.9% vs 18.8%, p = 0.002). Mean survival from the beginning of observation, estimated by actuarial life‐table survival analysis, was 1.19 years in group A and 2.60 years in group B (p = 0.0265). A composite compliance index incorporating domains indicating adherence to diet, medications, and dialysis schedule identified other behavioral problems in poorly compliant patients. Hemodialysis patients characterized by this composite index as poorly compliant had shortened survival.     

The multicultural perspective in therapy: A social constructionist approach.

Discusses the theoretical and clinical applications of the postmodern paradigm of social constructionism as a basis for counseling culturally different clients. Such applications avoid the trap of perpetuating the status-quo when working with minority and marginalized clientele. The main points of multiculturalism and social constructionism are summarized, and issues of mutual concern to both perspectives are examined. Applications to psychotherapy are explored, and the challenges of applying the social constructionist approach to culturally competent counseling are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Do We Stand on Common Ground? A Threat Appraisal Model for Terror Alerts Issued by the Department of Homeland Security

The fabric and faces of threat, and the expediency and efficiency in the communication of threat, are examined with a threat appraisal model. This model is empirically tested on an ongoing communication challenge, the issuance of terror alerts by the United States' Department of Homeland Security (DHS), focusing on how threat is appraised by both the conservative and liberal audiences. Findings showed a shared view by the DHS and conservative audiences on the levels and nature of threats; liberal audiences thought otherwise. Though there appeared to be a consensus between the conservative and liberal audiences on the efficacy of threat communication, more internal consistency within DHS is needed to optimise its effectiveness.     

Fire evacuation skills: Cognitive-behavioral versus computer-mediated instruction

Fifty-six fourth-grade children participated in this study to assess three training procedures for relative effectiveness in acquiring fire emergency skills and attaining knowledge. The first training approach was behavioral, the second used animated graphics, and the third used still graphics. Each of the training groups was compared to a control group that received no treatment. Performance on dependent measures was assessed before and immediately after training. It was hypothesized that the behavioral and animated-graphics conditions would produce the greatest level of skill and knowledge acquisition. Results demonstrated a significantly higher level of fire emergency skill acquisition and knowledge attainment for both the behavioral and animated-graphics groups relative to the still-graphics group and the control group, which had no training. The value of using computer-mediated strategies for fire-safety skills training was demonstrated.     

中国城市污水处理的瓶颈、缘由及可能的解决方案

自20世纪90年代以来,中国在城市污水收集与处理方面取得了很大的进步.但是,源自于独特污水水质特征,中国城市污水处理效率的改善仍然面临瓶颈.该文着重比较了中国和其他国家的城市污水处理在能量回收、氮磷营养物去除和污泥产率方面的差异,并在资料支撑的理论分析基础上,揭示了因为下水道渗漏、化粪池设置等因素导致的中国城市污水独特的水质特征(高无机悬浮固体(inorganic suspended solids,ISS)质量浓度、低碳氧需求(COD)和低碳氮比)与城市污水处理厂较低的运营效率和性能之间的关系,提出了中国需要制定适合自己独特污水水质特性的处理过程设计指南.鉴于下水道系统建设与修复耗时长久,改善现有城市污水处理厂的效率和可持续性应该与下水道修复和制定设计指南同时推进,提出了三点建议:提高除砂效率、应用污泥发酵和厌氧消化、优化现有工艺并开发低碳源生物脱氮新工艺.     

Preparation of Silicon Carbide/Aluminum Nitride Ceramics Using Organometallic Precursors

Solid solutions of 2H -SiC/AlN can be prepared at temperatures less than 1600°C by rapid pyrolysis ("hot drop") of mixtures of [(Me₃Si)_0.80((CH₂=CH)MeSi)_1.0(MeHSi)_0.35] _n (VPS) or [MeHSiCH₂] _n (MPCS) with [R₂AlNH₂]₃, where R=Et, i -Bu or simply by slow pyrolysis of the precursor mixture in the case of [Et₂AlNH₂]₃. In contrast, slow pyrolysis of mixtures of VPS or MPCS with [ i -Bu₂AlNH₂]₃ yields a composite of 2 H -AlN and 3 C -SiC at 1600°C, which transforms into a single 2 H -SiC/AlN solid solution on heating to 2000°C. The influences of the nature of the precursor and processing conditions on the structure, composition, and purity of the SiC/AlN materials are discussed.     

The effect of dietary supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid on the phospholipid and fatty acid composition of erythrocytes of marmoset

Adult male marmoset monkeys were fed eicosapentaenoic acid (20∶5n−3) as the ethyl ester in diets containing either 32% (reference diet, no added cholesterol) or 7% (atherogenic diet with 0.2% added cholesterol) linoleic acid (18∶2n−6) for 30 wk. No changes were seen in the level of phosphatidylcholine (PC) or phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) but minor changes were observed in both the sphingomyelin (SPM) and phosphatidylinositol plus phosphatidylserine (PI+PS) fractions of erythrocyte lipids. The extent of total n−3 fatty acid incorporation into membrane lipids was higher in atherogenic diets (polyunsaturated/monounsaturated/saturated (P/M/S) ratio 0.2∶0.6∶1.0) than reference diets (P/M/S ratio 1∶1∶1) and this was true for both PE (33.4±1.0%vs 24.3±1.1%) and PC (9.3±0.5%vs 4.9±0.3%). Although suitable controls for cholesterol effects were not included in the study, earlier results obtained with marmosets lead us to believe such effects were probably small. Regardless of basic diet (atherogenic, reference), 20∶5n−3 was preferentially incorporated into PE (10.8±0.2%, 6.0±0.02%) while smaller amounts were incorporated into PC (6.9±0.4%, 3.2±0.2%). The major n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acid found in PE in response to dietary 20∶5n−3 was the elongation metabolite 22∶5n−3 in both the atherogenic (17.7±0.7%) and reference (14.3±1.0%) dietary groups; 22∶6n−3 levels were less affected by diet (4.7±0.3% and 3.9±0.2%, respectively). The results can be interpreted to indicate an inverse relationship between the amount of dietary 18∶2n−6 and incorporation of 20∶5n−3 into erythrocyte membrane phospholipids regardless of whether the major dietary n−3 fatty acid was α-linolenate (18∶3n−3) or 20∶5n−3. This interpretation is supported by theoretical calculations.     

Raman spectroscopic analysis of thecis/trans isomer composition of edible vegetable oils

A new method is presented for determining thecis/trans isomer content of edible vegetable oils. The intensities of Raman lines near 1656 and 1670 cm⁻¹ are associated with thecis andtrans configuration, respectively. A precision of ca. 1% can be obtained in thecis/trans isomer analysis of binary mixtures of methyl esters and triglycerides of monoenes and dienes and of hydrogenated vegetable oils. The spectroscopic data also provide the iodine value of vegetable oils or isolated fractions with precision for a single determination of ca. 1%. Presented at the AOCS meeting, Houston, May 1971. W. Market. Nutr. Res. Div., ARS, USDA.