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1.
Effect of anisotropy of tin on thermomechanical behavior of solder joints   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Properties of body centered tetragonal tin are highly anisotropic. As a consequence large stresses can develop at the tin grain boundaries due to coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch during temperature excursions. A modeling approach to evaluate the 3D stress states that develop at grain boundaries during thermomechanical fatigue in tin-based solder is presented. Development of significant amounts of stresses in the plane of the grain boundary can cause grain-boundary sliding and surface-relief effects, while those normal to the grain boundary can cause grain-boundary decohesion and cracking.  相似文献   
2.
The socioemotional functioning of schizophrenic and schizotypic individuals is marked by withdrawal, poor organization, and limited emotional displays. Such behavioral tendencies and lack of social enjoyment in schizotypy could be linked to the relative situational demands or role ambiguity inherent in specific social activities. To determine whether high-schizotypy individuals prefer more clearly role-defined social activities (e.g., visiting relatives) to more ambiguous, novel situations (e.g., going alone to a party), the authors gathered reports from 52 high-schizotypy and 60 low-schizotypy individuals on their enjoyment and frequency of engaging in social situations varying in relative situational demand. Parallel reports were obtained from knowledgeable others. Group × Situational Demand interactions revealed the hypothesized pattern of reduced frequency and enjoyment ratings for ambiguous or novel situations by the high-schizotypy participants in both self and others' reports. Groups were more comparable in their reported frequency and enjoyment of less ambiguous situations. Results suggest the importance of situational demands in the socioemotional experience and behavioral withdrawal in schizotypy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   
3.
In this paper, we present a method for blind separation of co-channel BPSK signals arriving at an antenna array. This method consists of two parts: the maximum likelihood constellation estimation and assignment. We show that at high SNR, the maximum likelihood constellation estimation is well approximated by the smallest distance clustering algorithm, which we proposed earlier on heuristic grounds. We observe that both these methods for estimating the constellation vectors perform very well at high SNR and nearly attain Cramer-Rao bounds. Using this fact and noting that the assignment algorithm causes negligible error at high SNR, we derive upper bounds on the probability of bit error for the above method at high SNR. These upper bounds fall very rapidly with increasing SNR, showing that our constellation estimation-assignment approach is very efficient. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the usefulness of the bounds  相似文献   
4.
Aluminium-neodymium oxide-aluminium thin film capacitors have been prepared by thermal evaporation and the d.c. conduction properties of these films have been studied. The thicknesses of the films have been determined by a multiple beam interferometer. The current-voltage power-law dependence showed that the conduction in these films is space-charge limited. The linear dependence of the current density on the square root of the applied field confirmed the exponential trap distribution. The trap density has been found to be of the order of 1026 m–3. It has also been observed that the Schottky type of conduction is predominant in the high-field region and the height of the Schottky barrier has been determined. It is seen that the conduction mechanism is an activated process with the activation energy decreasing with increasing field.  相似文献   
5.
Electrodeposition of conducting polyaniline (Pani) was made under potentiostatic condition at pH 1.0 in different electrolyte media (H2SO4 and HClO4) in the absence and presence of two organic dopants, disodium salts of naphthalene-1,5-disulphonic acid (NSA) and of catechol-3,5-disulphonic acid (CSA). The rate and yield of Pani deposition were dependent on the acid medium and the dopant employed. NSA in H2SO4 caused an increase in rate and yield but CSA decrease when compared to the rate and yield of H2SO4 alone. In HClO4 medium, both the dopants showed a decrease. With regard to DC electrical conductivity, both the dopants exhibited an enhancement in H2SO4 medium but NSA a decline in HClO4. Characterisation of the electrosynthesised polymer samples by various instrumental techniques (cyclic voltammetric: CV, FTIR, UV-Visible: UV-Vis, EPR, XRD, TGA and DTG methods) revealed that between the two acid media, H2SO4 was the better one. Further, it enlightened the role of two organic dopants in relation to the acid media. The advantageous role of NSA in H2SO4 had origin on its molecular characteristics such as non-polarity, larger π-electron cloud etc., while CSA could not perform such a role because of its easily oxidisable hydroxyl groups. In HClO4, however, both the dopants could play only an unfavourable role owing to its greater polarity and oxidizing power than H2SO4.  相似文献   
6.
Findings of studies on input processing of a digital fly-by-wire system of a fighter aircraft are presented. Objectives were to select a suitable software structure complying with reliability and fault tolerance requirements and to assess its computational load. Ramp and constant input signals with noise were studied based on Monte-Carlo methods. Voting strategies studied and compared include lower-median, upper-median, and weighted average. Execution times and memory requirements of each strategy have also been assessed  相似文献   
7.
A family of energy/economic/environmental (E3) models is presented as a mechanism for analysing national policy issues. The family consists of discrete models which are designed to be run in an integrated manner. The outputs of certain models provide the inputs to the next. This structure allows the analyst to readily incorporate an understanding of regional factors such as local energy prices, concerns over air quality, water availability, or attitudes towards construction of new energy facilities, into national assessments of energy policies. This paper reviews the analytic framework within which energy policy issues are currently addressed. The initial family of E3 models is described with the emphasis on the data linkages and feedback which are provided when these models are run sequentially. The ongoing MITRE research programme with the E3 family of models is presented and plans and opportunities for future work are outlined.  相似文献   
8.
9.
A new finite element crack growth algorithm has been developed to simulate dynamic fracture. In this algorithm, pseudo elements with very high initial density are placed below the crack plane and the density is reduced to zero in a gradual manner as the crack passes the element. A number of linear elastic and elasto-viscoplastic problems have been carried out to test the new algorithm. The results are compared with some of the existing crack growth models.  相似文献   
10.
In this paper a micromechanics model using the concentric cylinder assemblage model and the Mori-Tanaka average stress scheme is used to predict the static strength of unidirectional angle ply laminates. The predicted strengths agree with experimental results for Glass/Epoxy and Graphite/Epoxy systems.  相似文献   
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