Development of cost efficient, flexible and light weight paper electrodes for high-tech applications is high in demand in era of modern disposable technology. In this study α-MnO2 nanorods were fabricated through hydrothermal method by varying growth time and further combined with lignocelluloses fibers extracted from self growing plant, Monochoria Vaginalis. Crystal structure, morphology and thermal properties of MnO2 nanorods were characterized by X. Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), respectively. FESEM image analysis revealed the highest aspect ratio of 48.016 for 4?h treated MnO2 sample and high purity level was confirmed by XRD. MnO2 sample with high aspect ratio, relatively pure and larger yield was selected for incorporation of lignocelluloses fibers to fabricate flexible, light-weight and environmentally safe LC/MnO2 composite paper sheet. Furthermore, LC/MnO2 composite sheet was employed as working electrode in 2?M sodium sulfate electrolyte for cyclic voltammetry measurements. Presented LC/MnO2 composite sheet revealed specific capacitances 117, 59, 39, 25 and 23?F/g at scan rates of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100?mV/s, respectively. Incorporation of LC fibers within MnO2 nanorods as binders will open the possibilities to fabricate the flexible paper electrode for application in supercapacitors and batteries due to facile synthesis, light-weight and environmentally friendly aspects. 相似文献
A miniaturized, polarization insensitive, and fully passive chipless radio frequency identification tag is proposed in this research article. The realized tag is based on slotted elliptical structures in a nested loop fashion with identical lengths and widths of slot resonators. Alteration of data sequence is accomplished by addition and elimination of nested resonators in the geometric structure. The tag is capable to encode 10 bits of data and covers spectral range from 3.6 to 15.6 GHz. The formulated structure demonstrates polarization insensitive characteristic. The data encoding structure is analyzed and optimized for different substrates that are, Rogers RT/duroid/5880, Rogers RT/duroid/5870, and Taconic TLX‐0 over the miniaturized footprint of 22.8 × 16 mm2. The presented tag is robust, novel, compact, and flexible exhibiting a stable response to impinging electromagnetic waves at various angles of incidence. 相似文献
The paper proposes a new method for evaluating the tolerance of trees to SO2 pollution stress, and grouping plants as indicators and controllers by tolerance index values. The index is calculated by a new arithmetic formula. The developed model is useful in identifying tolerant and susceptible plants to SO2. 相似文献
Multimedia Tools and Applications - The world is facing many problems including that of traffic congestion. To highlight the issue of traffic congestion worldwide specially in urban areas and to... 相似文献
This paper presents results of using a Coarse Grain Reconfigurable Architecture called DRRA (Dynamically Reconfigurable Resource Array) for FFT implementations varying in order and degree of parallelism using radix-2 decimation in time (DIT). The DRRA fabric is extended with memory architecture to be able to deal with data-sets much larger than what can be accommodated in the register files of DRRA. The proposed implementation scheme is generic in terms of the number of FFT point, the size of memory and the size of register file in DRRA. Two implementations (DRRA-1 and DRRA-2) have been synthesized in 65 nm technology and energy/delay numbers measured with post-layout annotated gate level simulations. The results are compared to other Coarse Grain Reconfigurable Architectures (CGRAs), and dedicated FFT processors for 1024 and 2048 point FFT. For 1024 point FFT, in terms of FFT operations per unit energy, DRRA-1 and DRRA-2 outperforms all CGRA by at least 2× and is worse than ASIC by 3.45×. However, in terms of energy-delay product DRRA-2 outperforms CGRAs by at least 1.66× and dedicated FFT processors by at least 10.9×. For 2048-point FFT, DRRA-1 and DRRA-2 are 10× better for energy efficiency and 94.84 better for energy-delay product. However, radix-2 implementation is worse by 9.64× and 255× in terms of energy efficiency and energy-delay product when compared against a radix-24 implementation.
A series of silica–epoxy nanocomposites were prepared by hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane within the organic matrix at different
processing temperatures, i.e., 25 and 60 °C. Epoxy matrices reinforced with 2.0–10.0 wt% silica were subsequently crosslinked
with an aliphatic diamine hardener to give optically transparent nanocomposite films. Interphase connections between silica
networks and organic matrix were established by in situ functionalization of silica with 2.0 wt% γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane
(APTS). The microstructure of silica–epoxy nanocomposites as studied by transmission electron microscopy indicated the formation
of very well-matched nanocomposites with homogeneous distribution of silica at relatively higher temperatures and in the presence
of APTS. Thermogravimetric and static mechanical analyses confirmed considerable increase in thermal stability, stiffness,
and toughness of the modified composite materials as compared to neat epoxy polymer and unmodified silica–epoxy nanocomposites.
A slight improvement in the glass transition temperatures was also recorded by differential scanning calorimetry measurements.
High temperature of hydrolysis during the in situ sol–gel process not only improved reaction kinetics but also promoted mutual
solubility of the two phases, and consequently enhanced the interface strength. In addition, APTS influenced the size and
distribution of the inorganic domain and resulted in better performance of the modified silica–epoxy nanocomposites. 相似文献
Doxorubicin-loaded micelles were prepared from a copolymer comprising cholic acid (CA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) for the delivery of antitumor drugs. The CA-PEI copolymer was synthesized via pairing mediated by N,N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide using dichloromethane as a solvent. Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses were performed to verify the formation of an amide linkage between CA and PEI and doxorubicin localization into the copolymer. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy studies revealed that the copolymer could self-assemble into micelles with a spherical morphology and an average diameter of <200 nm. The CA-PEI copolymer was also characterized by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. Doxorubicin-loaded micelles were prepared by dialysis method. A drug release study showed reduced drug release with escalating drug content. In a cytotoxicity assay using human colorectal adenocarcinoma (DLD-1) cells, the doxorubicin-loaded CA-PEI micelles exhibited better antitumor activity than that shown by doxorubicin. This is the first study on CA-PEI micelles as doxorubicin carriers, and this study demonstrated that they are promising candidates as carriers for sustained targeted antitumor drug delivery system. 相似文献
The role of radiations in textile processing is gaining attention due to its low cost, energy effectiveness and eco-friendly process. This study is concerned with the improvement in modulation of microwave assisted vat dyeing of cellulosic fiber. It was found that radiation treatment of both cotton fabric and dye solution for 1 min gives good color strength, while for redox reaction, 2.5 g of NaHSO3, 2 mL of CH3COOH, and 1.5 mL of H2O2 are the optimized conditions which show it is a cost-effective tool. Good color strength was obtained at 65 °C for 1 h dyeing using 50 mL of optimal solution in dye bath at pH 9. Finally, ISO standards for color fastness to light, washing, rubbing and perspiration were applied at 0.5–2.5% of shade at optimal conditions which showed that microwave treatment has enhanced the color characteristics. Hence, the technique can successfully and easily be employed for surface modification of fabric for good quality dyeing with various classes of dyes. 相似文献
We evaluated the effect of sequential dual‐frequency ultrasound (SDFU) pretreatments on rapeseed protein enzymolysis, using alcalase as a model enzyme. Hydrolysed protein concentrations, enzymolysis kinetics and thermodynamic parameters were investigated. The results showed that the hydrolysed rapeseed protein concentration following SDFU pretreatments was higher compared to that of the control for up to 75 min of enzymolysis at various substrate concentrations of 5–25 g L?1; both control and SDFU pretreatment groups showed first‐order reaction kinetics. Compared to the control, the Michaelis–Menten constant (KM) value decreased remarkably by 17.61%, while an increase in the binding frequency between enzyme and substrate (KA) by 10.47% was observed. The thermodynamic parameters, enthalpy, entropy and activation energy were reduced in the SDFU pretreatment group compared to the control by 31.78%, 18.0% and 29.56%, respectively. SDFU pretreatment showed little effect on Gibbs free energy at the various temperatures studied. 相似文献