生物质用于焦炭和烧结生产的实验室评价

生物质作为碳可供选择的环保替代燃料,用其进行炼焦和炼铁是一个非常好的选择,因此,应该积极调查、研究如何采取不同的方法利用生物质,以减少硫化物、氮氧化物、二氧化碳的排放和可能的成本投入。对生物质在炼焦生产与烧结生产中的实用性在独立的试验中进行评估。生物质对炼焦生产的实用性研究如下:将1%～5%的木质生物质或是焙烤(轻度热解)的木质生物质作为部分高挥发性煤的替代物添加至配合煤中,在实验室焦炉中进行碳化试验。试验结果表明,当把粉碎的生物质加入到配合煤后,焦化压力显著降低,同时焦炭的硫含量下降,但是焦炭的高温强度和力学性能亦有轻微下降,但这种实测强度的降低需要进一步的研究。另外,在一系列独立试验中,通过利用生物质(分别是锯末、粉碎的玉米芯、树皮、木炭等)作为烧结用粉焦的替代燃料在实验室烧结锅进行评估。试验中,燃料用10%、20%、30%、40%的生物质代替。试验结果显示,烧结混合料的堆密度和烧结时间都有下降,添加了生物质的烧结矿质量没有显著恶化。这些初步的试验表明,在实际的炼焦与炼铁生产中生物质很有可能作为一种可再生能源替代部分传统的化石燃料。为了某种特定应用而进行产品优化则需要额外试验。     

羊毛无氯超耐洗整理——技术实践新标准

新型无氯羊毛整理工艺可获得超耐洗羊毛。该工艺主要利用caroate化学反应（过氧单硫酸），避免了因广泛使用氯化-赫科赛特羊毛防缩法而导致的生态负面影响。这一新整理理念的工艺已实现规模化生产。     

Lymphatic transport in rats of interesterified oils containing conjugated linoleic acids

In this study we examined the lymphatic transport in rats of FA after administration of interesterified oils containing CLA, with emphasis on the location of CLA and octanoic acid in the TAG. The oils were produced by enzymatic interesterification. Eight oils with different structures or FA profiles were examined in this study: MCM, CMC, OCO, and COC, where M was expected to be octanoic acid and O oleic acid. In group 1, C was CLA as a mixture of the two CLA isomers c9, t11 or t10, c12, and in group 2, C was mainly the isomer t10, c12. Rats were subjected to cannulation of the mesenteric lymph duct, and the following day they were intragastrically administered one of the oils and lymph samples were collected for 24 h. The lymphatic transport of total FA from 0 to 8 h in group 1 was significantly (P < 0.05) higher for the OCO-1 and the COC-1 oils than for the CMC-1 oil. Similarly, in group 2 the transport was higher for the OCO-2 oil than for the CMC-2 oil. The recovery of both of the CLA isomers examined was similar (50-70%) and independent of the isomer, oil structure, and FA profile, whereas more octanoic acid was recovered from the CMC oils than from the MCM oils. The results indicated that the FA profiles and the position of octanoic acid had only a minor influence on the absorption of CLA.     

Increased Postprandial Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Levels in Elderly Survivors of Myocardial Infarction

Postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) levels are a predictor for coronary atherosclerosis. The aim of the study was to compare fasting high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, and postprandial TRL between elderly survivors of myocardial infarction (MI) and healthy controls. A case-control study was performed in 44 elderly patients 65-85 years of age with a previous history of MI and 43 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Each participant underwent physical examination and was given a standard oral fat load with subsequent blood sampling over the next 8 h. Total and chylomicron triglycerides were assessed by area under the curve (AUC), incremental are under the curve (AUCi) and triglyceride response (TGR). Elderly MI patients had significantly lower postheparin LPL activity (87.4 +/- 36.9 mU/ml) (mean +/- 1 SD) than healthy controls (106.0 +/- 29.0 mU/ml) (P = 0.014). Decreased postheparin LPL activity was accompanied by significant increased and delayed clearance of postprandial TRL. Fasting HDL cholesterol was significantly lower in elderly MI patients than controls (1.45 +/- 0.32 and 1.66 +/- 0.47 mmol/l, respectively, P = 0.048). Multiple regression analysis revealed postheparin LPL activity as an independent predictor for postprandial TRL and fasting HDL cholesterol. Logistic regressions analysis revealed HDL cholesterol, triglycerides measured 2 h after the oral fat load, and postheparin LPL activity as independent predictors for MI. Our findings indicate that decreased fasting HDL cholesterol is associated with increased postprandial triglyceridemia which could be a target for life-style and therapeutic interventions in patients at risk for cardiovascular disease.     

Accumulation of heavy metals in circumpolar willow ptarmigan (Lagopus l. lagopus) populations

A circumpolar survey of heavy metals in willow ptarmigan liver and kidney revealed considerable variations in Cd content in Canada and Scandinavia. The Cd content in central Canada was comparable with that in Scandinavia and Russia, at least for kidney. However, in both liver and kidney the median for Canada as a whole was much higher than in the other countries. Some Canadian locations had exceptionally high levels, several birds having >50 mg kg(-1) in liver and >400 mg kg(-1) in kidney. In Norway, the Cd content was highest in central mountain areas in south Norway and inland locations in the two northernmost counties. Five locations in central and north Norway showed mean Cd levels in kidney above 100 mg kg(-1). It is difficult to evaluate regional differences in Sweden, but most locations had the same Cd level as moderately contaminated locations in Norway. Cd levels in Russia were comparable to moderately contaminated locations in the other countries. Due to a high intake of willow, naturally rich in Cd, direct comparison of the Cd level in willow ptarmigan from different locations cannot reveal the effects of long-range pollution. The Pb concentration in willow ptarmigan kidney and liver varied significantly in Norway and Canada, but not in Sweden and Russia. Levels in Sweden and Russia were comparable to those in Canada and low levels in Norway. The highest median value from all locations within countries was found in Norway, both in liver and kidney. The highest Pb content was found in south Norway, indicating an effect of long-range pollution in willow ptarmigan. The level in western Canada was significantly higher than in central Canada. The Hg content in liver varied significantly from one location to another in all the countries and in kidney everywhere except Sweden. In Scandinavia, there is no distinct regional pattern. Canada had a significantly higher Hg level in central than western regions in both tissues the opposite of that found for Cd and Pb. Cu and Zn showed significant variations from one location to another in liver and kidney in Canada and Norway, but only in kidney in samples from Sweden. Comparison between western and central Canada revealed a significant difference for Cu in liver, samples from central Canada having more. There are no significant differences from one country to another, but some localities in Canada seem to have higher Cu concentrations in kidney than are found in Scandinavia and Russia.     

Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli show strain dependent reductions under dry-fermented sausage production and post-processing conditions

Dry-fermented sausages (DFS) are considered possible risk products regarding Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC). We have compared the reduction of 11 E. coli isolates of various serogroups in salami during the sausage production process and during post-process measures including storage, heating and freezing. The 11 E. coli isolates, mainly STEC, included enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) outbreak strains linked to DFS along with apathogenic E. coli. During sausage production, there was a statistically significant difference in reduction between the E. coli strains ranging from 1.3 to 2.4 log?? (p<0.001). When sausages were subjected to post-process heat treatment of 43 °C for 24 h, a total reduction of more than 5 log?? was obtained for all E. coli isolates. Freezing and thawing of DFS with subsequent storage for 1 month at 16 or 20 °C generally contributed to large E. coli reductions with the latter conditions giving an average additional 3.9 log?? reduction, with a range from 3.4 to 4.4 log??. The combination of freezing and 1 month of storage gave higher reductions compared with storage for 2 months for all examined temperatures. No systematic differences in survival of E. coli of different serogroups were detected for the different post-process measures. The reductions were also similar to those of apathogenic control isolates. Isolates showing higher survival during the ripening process did not have a lower reduction when exposed to post-process stress like storage, heating and freezing. The ability of the isolates to survive in salami was also compared with their survival at equivalent conditions in a tryptic soy broth (TSB) model. There was a low and not significant correlation (p>0.1) between the reductions of E. coli in salami and in the TSB broth model. Results based on broth models and/or single or surrogate strains must therefore be interpreted with caution. The EHEC reducing post-processing measures tested can easily be implemented in DFS production with marginal influence on the quality of the sausages.     

我们是化石挖掘者的——比比看谁的龙才是最强的！

除了下面提到的挖掘，清洁，战斗这三大游戏核心组成之外，游戏中还存在着其他值得把玩的地方，比如幽默的剧情、情报屋的小任务，变装收集等。游戏中可以看到不少经典设定如《口袋妖怪》、《龙珠》等的影子，但是依然不会让人感到乏味。游戏支持按键和触控笔双操作，并且通过联机还可以和朋友进行化石交换和对战。有兴趣的人就拿起铁锹，哦不，是拿起NDS来一起体验考古的乐趣吧!     

A MODIFIED SIMPLE ALGORITHM FOR 2-D FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL

1.　INTRODUCTIONSince the SIMPLE[1 ] algorithm was set up,it has been used to numerically simulateincompressible flow successfully.And later on,the improved algorithms such as SIMPLERalgorithm[2 ] and SIMPLEC algorithm[3] have been presented in succession.For all thealgorithms stated above,only when velocity field varies linearly with water pressure(i.e.,pressure flow) ,owing to the coefficients of the velocity correction formulae beingindependent of pressure,do the velocity corre…