啮合参数对分扭-并车齿轮传动系统分岔特性的影响

为研究分扭-并车齿轮传动系统非线性分岔特性,建立了含多间隙的分扭-并车齿轮系统非线性动力学模型,引入高斯消元技术和广义相对位移变量消除了系统的刚体位移,并对动力学方程组实施了量纲一化处理。综合考虑啮合频率、齿侧间隙、综合传动误差和阻尼比等激励下的分岔通道,借助分岔图、Poincaré截面和Lyapunov指数等手段对系统的分岔行为进行了定性和定量表征。结果表明啮合频率增大时系统发生逆向倍周期分岔,分岔点位置受齿侧间隙影响显著;齿侧间隙和综合传动误差变化下混沌域内均出现短暂周期窗口;阻尼对倍周期分岔运动存在抑制作用,其结果对该类齿轮系统动力学设计具有参考价值。     

泥炭泥浆在治疗中的放射性

正为确定泥炭泥浆中天然和人工同位素的含量,并估算标准泥炭泥浆处理过程中患者皮肤吸收的辐射剂量,分析了从波兰8个矿泉采集的37个样本,用γ能谱法测量同位素浓度活性。标准泥炭泥浆浴治疗中的皮肤剂量约为300 nSv,泥炭泥浆这种治疗的有效剂量被认为是22 nSv。治疗过程中     

发呆,也是一种小美好

正白岩松说,没事儿的时候发发呆。我们疲于追逐成功的路上,发呆成了一种奢侈。是啊,回想一下,在我们每天仅有的24小时中,工作、交际以及各种琐事占据了大半,剩下的注意力又被手机等携带大量娱乐信息的产品夺走。我们每天生活的似乎都很"丰满",迈着急促的脚步穿梭于公司、学校、商场、电影院之间,甚至感觉时间不够用,经常熬夜到凌晨,因此,我们没有多余的时间去发呆,或者说,在这个充满娱乐信息的时代,我们不需要去孤独地发呆。     

An assessment of natural concentrations of selected metals in the bone tissues of the femur head

The study was aimed at assessing the natural concentrations of copper, iron, potassium, lead and cadmium in the femur head using regression analysis. The material was collected during the operation of total hip arthroplasty from patients of southern and central Poland suffering from diagnosed coxarthrosis. In total, 197 samples were collected, including 68 samples of spongious bone, 59 samples of cortical bone and 70 samples of cartilage surface. After wet microwave digestion, the metal content in the samples was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The average concentrations of metals in the femur head were 67.30 microgFe/g, 760.58 microgK/g, 0.07 microgCd/g, 0.81 microgCu/g and 2.76 microgPb/g. A comparison of metal concentrations in bone tissues assessed by regression analysis to the findings of other authors revealed that the technique can be used to assess the natural concentration of elements in tissues and the results may provide a basis for the evaluation of metal concentrations in the human organism.     

Land inputs of trace metals, major elements, particulate organic carbon and suspended solids to an industrial coastal bay of the NE Atlantic

Rivers, streams and municipal and industrial effluents flowing into the Ferrol Ria (NW Spain) were analyzed for dissolved and particulate trace elements (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn), particulate major elements (Al, Fe, Si), particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC and PON), and total suspended solids. Trace metal clean techniques were applied. Mean annual fluxes of these components were calculated. Dissolved trace metal concentrations in the major freshwater inputs were found to be within typical values for uncontaminated rivers: Cd: 0.020-0.035 nM; Cu: 11.7-19.2 nM; Pb: 0.40-0.71 nM and Zn: 18-54 nM. Two sources of suspended particulate matter (SPM) were observed: (i) a detrital SPM, which becomes more important at high river discharges, with metal concentrations tending to lithogenic values; (ii) an organic- and metal-rich SPM, which becomes dominant at low discharges. Municipal and industrial effluents in the northern shore, despite of constitute a minor freshwater contribution to the bay, were responsible for more than 50% of total inputs of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, POC and PON. The fluxes of trace metals obtained for the Ferrol Ria are in the range of other inhabited world semi-enclosed embayments.     

Assessment of DNA damage in coal open-cast mining workers using the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus test and the comet assay

Coal mining is one of the most important causes of environmental pollution, as large quantities of coal dust particles are emitted. Colombia-South America has large natural coal reserves and “El Cerrejón” is the world's largest open-cast mine located in the northern department of Guajira. The aim of the present study was to evaluate genotoxic effects in a population exposed to coal residues from the open-cast mine “El Cerrejón”. 100 exposed workers and 100 non-exposed control individuals were included in this study. The exposed group was divided according to different mining area activities: (i). Transport of extracted coal, (ii). Equipment field maintenance, (iii). Coal stripping and, (iv). Coal embarking. Blood samples were taken to investigate biomarkers of genotoxicity, specifically, primary DNA damage as damage index (DI), tail length and% of tail DNA using the Comet assay (alkaline version) and chromosome damage as micronucleus (MN) frequency in lymphocytes. Both biomarkers showed statistically significantly higher values in the exposed group compared to the non-exposed control group. No difference was observed between the exposed groups executing different mining activities. These results indicate that exposure to coal mining residues may result in an increased genotoxic exposure in coal mining workers. We did not find a correlation between age, alcohol consumption and service time with the biomarkers of genotoxicity. Our results are the first data of genotoxic effects induced by coal mining exposure in Colombia, and thus, contribute to the exploration of test batteries use for monitoring of exposed populations and may stimulate designing control, hygiene and prevention strategies for occupational health risk assessment in developing countries.     

南昌市主要气候要素变化特征及其预测

基于南昌市1951~2015年逐月降水和平均气温数据,借助不均匀系数、集中度分析降水年内分配特征,采用5年滑动均值法、Mann-Kendall分析法、Morlet小波变换法及R/S分析法等探讨了降水量和气温的趋势性、突变性和周期性,并预测了序列未来的演变趋势。结果表明,南昌市年降水量年内呈单峰分布,最大降水量出现在5月30日,总体呈不显著增加变化,1955、1992、2000年发生突变,存在22年的主周期及4年的次周期,降水未来将持续增加;南昌市年内温差大,月平均气温极值比为5.57,年平均气温总体呈显著上升变化,在1997年发生突变,存在23年的主周期及17、4年的次周期,年平均气温未来将呈继续显著上升变化趋势。     

基于山坡Pe'clet数推求土壤水蓄水容量

山坡几何形状影响流域水流汇聚,土壤厚度则影响径流生成,在水文过程模拟中考虑山坡地貌因素十分必要。基于山坡单元,通过研究水文相似因子山坡Pe'clet数(Pe数)在不同流域空间分布的规律,发现山坡Pe数的累积分布曲线与流域蓄水容量曲线类似,由此确定两者之间的关系式。实例验证表明,利用山坡Pe数推求流域土壤水蓄水容量的方法可行。利用关系式反推新安江模型中的参数B,对比率定参数B的径流模拟结果与推求参数B的径流模拟结果表明,推求参数B的模拟结果整体较好,避免了新安江模型中参数B的率定,进一步验证了该方法的合理可行性。     

一种基于信息扩散理论的降雨空间插值方法

根据有限的雨量站观测资料进行空间插值是获取精确降雨空间分布信息的有效手段,基于信息扩散理论,建立了一种降雨量空间插值方法,并分别采用窗宽经验公式法、最优窗宽迭代法和粒子群优化3种算法对信息扩散函数中窗宽这一关键参数进行估计。以浙江省临安市雨量站月降雨量的插值计算为例,将3种算法应用于月降雨量资料的插值计算中,并将其插值效果与普通克里金方法进行比较。结果表明,使用粒子群优化算法估计窗宽参数的信息扩散函数插值方法显著优于其他方法,经验公式估计窗宽参数的信息扩散函数插值方法与普通克里金方法插值效果相当,使用最优窗宽迭代估计窗宽参数的信息扩散函数插值效果最差。