江西省水系连通及水美乡村建设试点县实施方案编制存在的问题及对策

为提高水系连通及水美乡村建设试点县实施方案编制质量，更好地参加全国竞争性立项，本文分析研究了江西省55个水系连通及水美乡村建设试点县实施方案和相应的专家评审意见，对实施方案编制过程中存在的符合性、完整性不够，实施范围情况调查不准等七个方面突出问题进行梳理剖析，并提出相应对策，可为实施方案编制提供参考。     

A spectrally selective surface structure for combined photothermic conversion and radiative sky cooling

The sun and outer space are the ultimate heat and cold sources for the earth, respectively. They have significant potential for renewable energy harvesting. In this paper, a spectrally selective surface structure that has a planar polydimethylsiloxane layer covering a solar absorber is conceptually proposed and optically designed for the combination of photothermic conversion (PT) and nighttime radiative sky cooling (RC). An optical simulation is conducted whose result shows that the designed surface structure (i.e., PT-RC surface structure) has a strong solar absorption coefficient of 0.92 and simultaneously emits as a mid-infrared spectral-selective emitter with an average emissivity of 0.84 within the atmospheric window. A thermal analysis prediction reveals that the designed PT-RC surface structure can be heated to 79.1°C higher than the ambient temperature in the daytime and passively cooled below the ambient temperature of approximately 10°C in the nighttime, indicating that the designed PT-RC surface structure has the potential for integrated PT conversion and nighttime RC utilization.     

沙葱总黄酮水洗组分的体外抗炎活性

本实验在体外应用脂多糖(lipopolysaccharides,LPS)诱导小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞建立炎症模型的基础上,探讨沙葱总黄酮水洗组分的体外抗炎活性。应用CCK-8法检测0、50、100、200、400、800 μg/mL沙葱总黄酮水洗组分对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞增殖活力的影响;将细胞分为空白对照组、LPS应激模型组及不同质量浓度沙葱总黄酮水洗组分预处理组,采用Griess法及酶联免疫吸附测定法分别测定各处理组细胞上清液中NO浓度和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-1β、IL-6、IL-10的质量浓度,反转录实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应法检测各处理组细胞中诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10、髓样分化蛋白(myeloid differential protein,MyD)88、核因子κB(nuclear factorκB,NF-κB)mRNA的表达水平。结果显示:与对照组相比,沙葱总黄酮水洗组分在50～800 μg/m L时对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞无明显细胞毒性作用。与LPS应激模型组相比,沙葱总黄酮水洗组分能够极显著抑制促炎介质NO、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6质量浓度及其mRNA的表达(P0.01或P0.001);高度显著提高抗炎细胞因子IL-10质量浓度及其mRNA的表达(P0.001),且呈剂量依赖效应;极显著降低My D88、NF-κB mRNA的表达水平(P0.01或P0.001)。由此得出,沙葱总黄酮水洗组分对LPS诱导的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞具有抗炎作用,其抗炎活性可能是通过抑制促炎性介质NO、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的分泌并提高抗炎性细胞因子IL-10的质量浓度实现的,其作用机制可能与NF-κB信号通路有关。     

Property uniformity of thick nickel-based alloy plate for nuclear power steam-generator divider plate

This paper introduces a thick 690 nickel-based alloy plate produced by the former Baosteel Special Steel Co.,Ltd.used as the steam-generator divider plate in the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant.According to the product characteristics and design requirements of the thick nickel-based alloy plate, multidimensional sampling and testing were conducted to investigate its microstructure and mechanical properties.The results show that all the property indexes of the thick hot-rolled nickel-based alloy plate meet the design requirements, and there is good uniformity in the microstructure and mechanical properties in different dimensions.These findings indicate that China has mastered the core manufacturing technology of thick nickel-based alloy plates for their use as divider plates in nuclear power steam generators.     

“互联网+”在乌弄龙、里底水电工程安全管理中的应用

实施互联网保障安全,是水电工程建设项目顺利推进的必要选择。人的不安全行为、物的不安全状态是指由于生产过程中使用的物质、能量等的客观存在而可能导致事故和伤害发生的状态,所以说物的不安全状态是事故发生的根源,如果没有物的安全状态存在,则人的行为也就无所谓安全了。     

金属离子对乳酸菌生物膜形成的影响及其机制研究进展

乳酸菌作为发酵工业的常用菌种已被广泛用于制作各种发酵食品,且可以调节肠道菌群,对人体健康起着关键作用,因此,乳酸菌功能的应用成为当前研究的热点。乳酸菌生物膜由菌体自身形成,可以有效提高乳酸菌的环境耐受性,因而受到越来越多的学者关注。在众多影响生物膜形成的因素中,金属离子影响效果显著。本文主要对国内外关于金属离子对于乳酸菌生物膜形成的影响及其机制进行论述,旨在为阐明金属离子和乳酸菌生物膜形成机制的关系提供一定的理论参考和研究方向。     

煤微相的控气作用分析与测井评价

煤微相与煤储层含气性密切相关,并决定煤的沉积环境和沉积物源,直接影响煤储层的生气潜力和赋存环境。从煤层厚度、煤岩物质组成和灰分产率3方面分析煤微相对煤储层含气性的控制作用,基于测井资料定量划分煤微相,进而预测煤储层产气前景。研究区3#煤层发育潮湿森林滞留沼泽相、干燥森林沼泽相、覆水森林活水沼泽相、湿地草本活水沼泽相和干燥草本沼泽相5种煤微相。潮湿森林滞留沼泽相、干燥森林沼泽相及覆水森林活水沼泽相煤储层有效厚度较大;覆水森林活水沼泽相物性相对较好;潮湿森林滞留沼泽相和湿地草本活水沼泽相灰分含量及夹矸相对较少。潮湿森林滞留沼泽相生气潜力强,干燥森林沼泽相、覆水森林活水沼泽相和湿地草本活水沼泽相生气潜力中等,干燥草本沼泽相生气潜力较弱。利用密度、自然伽马和自然电位等测井曲线可有效划分煤层有效厚度和夹矸厚度及灰分含量等特征参数,依据统计规律可匹配到对应的煤微相,进而有效评价煤储层含气性。     

基于CO2循环的低碳高效白云石煅烧新工艺

白云石是一种广泛应用的冶金、建材和化工原料。针对白云石煅烧过程中CO₂排放严重等问题，构建了基于CO₂循环载热与资源化回收的白云石低碳煅烧竖窑新工艺。通过白云石（CaCO₃·MgCO₃）煅烧过程的Gibbs自由能变计算，发现提高煅烧温度（50~100 K）可有效克服CO₂对反应的抑制作用；通过纯CO₂环境中CaCO₃分解过程的热重实验分析，验证了CO₂循环煅烧白云石煅烧的可行性；通过化学反应动力学计算，解析了全CO₂组分环境下CO₂压力对CaCO₃·MgCO₃高温分解过程的影响，并发现提高CO₂压力可促进气固传热，从而提升分解速率和改善矿料分解均匀性；对CO₂循环煅烧工艺系统能-质平衡计算表明：该工艺理论能耗仅为140 kg/(t 煅白)，且煅烧过程的CO₂排放降低70%以上，环境效益显著。     

Healthcare Algorithms by Wearable Inertial Sensors: A Survey

Wearable smart devices, such as smart watch, wristband are becoming increasingly popular recently. They generally integrate the MEMS-designed inertial sensors, including accelerometer, gyroscope and compass, which provide a convenient and inexpensive way to collect motion data of users. Such rich, continuous motion data provide great potential for remote healthcare and decease diagnosis. Information processing algorithms play the critical role in these approaches, which is to extract the motion signatures and to access different kinds of judgements. This paper reviews key algorithms in these areas. In particular, we focus on three kinds of applications: 1) gait analysis; 2) fall detection and 3) sleep monitoring. They are the most popular healthcare applications based on the inertial data. By categorizing and introducing the key algorithms, this paper tries to build a clear map of how the inertial data are processed; how the inertial signatures are defined, extracted, and utilized in different kinds of applications. This will provide a valuable guidance for users to understand the methodologies and to select proper algorithm for specifi c application purpose.     

辅助电流对Cu/Al大功率超声波焊接的影响

为获得更高质量的Cu/Al异质金属接头，开展了Cu/Al电流辅助大功率超声波焊接工艺试验，研究了辅助电流对Cu/Al超声波焊接的界面温度、材料塑性流动、界面中间相分布及接头力学性能的影响。结果表明，复合焊件成型良好，其接头抗拉剪力为3030 N，接头的断裂模式为韧性-脆性复合断裂。在同样的焊接时间0.2 s内，随着电流的增大，Cu/Al界面温度增加，金属塑性流动以及界面扩散也随之增强，这说明辅助电流能明显促进界面冶金；相比长时间0.4 s的超声波焊接，辅助电流能在保证界面温度、材料塑性变形的前提下，能明显减薄了界面IMC层的厚度，这是电流增强Cu/Al接头的主要物理机制。研究结果为优化Cu/Al复合焊接头强度提供了参考。