吸湿凉爽机织物的结构设计与性能

为研究织物组织结构与复合纱线线密度对织物凉爽性能的影响,将线密度为7.4和9.8 tex涤纶分别与线密度为7.8 tex锦纶反向加捻、并线后作为纬纱,以8.3 tex涤纶/竹浆纤维50/50混纺纱作经纱,设计平纹、二上一下斜纹和透孔组织织物.测试织物的瞬间接触凉感、热湿舒适性能及织物干、湿态升温曲线,并采用凉爽温度指数对织物的综合凉爽性能进行评价.研究结果表明:6种设计织物的瞬间接触凉感均高于标准,且平纹织物最好,纬纱粗细对瞬间接触凉感影响不显著;透孔织物透气性最好,且在人体出汗的状态下具有较好的导湿散热性能.平纹织物凉爽温度指数最高,最大凉爽温度为2.8℃,综合凉爽性能最好.     

亲子乐园空调送风方式的数值模拟研究

大型综合室内亲子乐园属于高大空间,设有游乐设施和游戏的特殊性使得对空间的舒适性要求一致,但是送风气流遇阻严重,室内存在较多气流死角,影响室内空气质量和儿童健康。因此其空调设计不仅需要考虑温度、风速的空间均匀度,还要考虑各点的空气龄和PMV-PPD指标。以天津某亲子乐园为研究对象,利用scSTREAM软件对适用于该房间的辐射供冷加新风、置换通风、混合通风三种空调方式的送风效果进行数值模拟分析,从流场的均匀性、人员的热舒适性等方面对模拟结果进行探讨,研究结果表明辐射供冷加新风方式的空间均匀性和PMV指标最佳,混合通风方式的空气龄最小。     

Removal of imidacloprid and acetamiprid from tea infusions by microfiltration membrane

Removal of imidacloprid and acetamiprid in tea infusions by microfiltration membrane using dead‐end model was investigated in the present study. The results showed that microfiltration significantly promoted the removal of both pesticides (P < 0.05) in tea infusions. Furthermore, the extent of removal was strongly influenced by the pore size of membrane, operational pressure and the concentrations of tea infusions. The initial concentration of imidacloprid and acetamiprid showed no significant effect on their removal rates. The maximum removal rates were 79.7% for imidacloprid and 81.9% acetamiprid. The changes in major chemical components of tea infusions after microfiltration were evaluated. The results indicated that microfiltration caused no considerable changes in total polyphenols and total free amino acids, and small but statistically significant losses (6.3–18.0%) of eight catechins and three methylxanthines when filtration volume reached to 200 mL. The present study validated the application of microfiltration as a potentially feasible and promising method for the removal of imidacloprid and acetamiprid residues from tea infusions.     

强碱三元复合驱色谱分离及其影响因素——以大庆油区喇嘛甸油田为例

三元复合驱油体系中驱油剂的协同效应,会使油水间的界面张力大幅度下降,原油采收率大幅度提高;但三元复合驱油体系的色谱分离现象也会破坏其协同效应和完整性,揭示色谱分离现象及其影响因素对于改善三元复合驱油效果具有十分重要意义。以油藏工程和分析化学理论为指导,以化学分析和物理模拟为技术途径,并以大庆喇嘛甸油田典型区块地质特征和流体性质为研究对象,开展强碱三元复合驱色谱分离现象及其影响因素研究。结果表明,采用前置高浓度聚合物段塞后,可以有效扩大波及体积,但表面活性剂与碱和聚合物之间无因次等浓距增加,色谱分离现象加剧。大庆油区喇嘛甸油田不同区块油水性质差异对色谱分离现象存在影响,原因在于部分重烷基苯石油磺酸进入油相,影响水相中浓度检测值。强碱三元复合驱油体系中表面活性剂与碱和聚合物之间色谱分离程度比较严重,碱与聚合物之间较弱。     

Effects of Cooling Rate and Component on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg–Zn–Y Alloys

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–6Zn–1Y and Mg–6Zn–3Y(wt%) alloys under different cooling rates were investigated. The results show that the second dendrite arm spacing(SDAS) of Mg–6Zn–1Y and Mg–6Zn–3Y is reduced by 32 and 30% with increasing cooling rates(Rc) from 10.2 to 23 K/s, which can be predicted using a empirical model of SDAS=68 R 0:45:45cand SDAS=73 R 0c, respectively. The compressive strength of both alloys increases with increasing the cooling rate, which is attributed to the increase of volume fraction(Vf) of secondary phases under high cooling rate. The interaction of the cooling rate and component with SDAS has been theoretically analyzed using interdependence theory.