A Versatile Theranostic Nanoemulsion for Architecture‐Dependent Multimodal Imaging and Dually Augmented Photodynamic Therapy

To design a clinically translatable nanomedicine for photodynamic theranostics, the ingredients should be carefully considered. A high content of nanocarriers may cause extra toxicity in metabolism, and multiple theranostic agents would complicate the preparation process. These issues would be of less concern if the nanocarrier itself has most of the theranostic functions. In this work, a poly(ethylene glycol)‐boron dipyrromethene amphiphile (PEG‐F₅₄‐BODIPY) with 54 fluorine‐19 (¹⁹F) is synthesized and employed to emulsify perfluorohexane (PFH) into a theranostic nanoemulsion (PFH@PEG‐F₅₄‐BODIPY). The as‐prepared PFH@PEG‐F₅₄‐BODIPY can perform architecture‐dependent fluorescence/photoacoustic/¹⁹F magnetic resonance multimodal imaging, providing more information about the in vivo structure evolution of nanomedicine. Importantly, this nanoemulsion significantly enhances the therapeutic effect of BODIPY through both the high oxygen dissolving capability and less self‐quenching of BODIPY molecules. More interestingly, PFH@PEG‐F₅₄‐BODIPY shows high level of tumor accumulation and long tumor retention time, allowing a repeated light irradiation after a single‐dose intravenous injection. The “all‐in‐one” photodynamic theranostic nanoemulsion has simple composition, remarkable theranostic efficacy, and novel treatment pattern, and thus presents an intriguing avenue to developing clinically translatable theranostic agents.     

B2O3-K2O-Sb2O3系统玻璃的光学折射率及带隙

高折射率和非线性光学玻璃可以用于高速光开关、光学存储器、新型光纤和光学运算元件等，其研究受到各国科技工作者的高度重视，本文采用熔融淬冷法制备了组成为(85-x)B₂O₃-15K₂O-xSb₂O₃(x=70, 75, 80, 85)的4组玻璃，测试了玻璃样品的密度、折射率、热学性能、拉曼光谱和吸收光谱，利用玻璃样品的吸收光谱计算了其直接允许光学带隙、间接允许光学带隙及Urbach能量。结果表明：随着Sb₂O₃含量的增加，玻璃样品的密度从4.445g/cm³逐渐增加到4.767g/cm³，折射率从1.9438增加到2.0058，玻璃转变温度从291℃降低到260℃，玻璃析晶温度从463℃降低到370℃，直接光学带隙从3.2775eV降低到3.1379eV，间接光学带隙从3.1444eV降低到3.0256eV，Urbach能量从0.137eV逐渐减小到0.107eV。说明Sb₂O₃-K₂O-B₂O₃系统玻璃可以作为新型的非线性光学玻璃候选材料之一。     

Using ecological reducing agents instead of sodium sulphide in dyeing with CI Sulphur Black 1

Although low‐cost sodium sulphide is used as a reducing agent in most sulphur dyeing processes, it is considered to be environmentally unfavourable because of the resultant contaminated wastewater and the toxic hydrogen sulphide generated during the dyeing process. In the present paper, hydrazine sulphate, glucose, and sodium borohydride in the presence of sodium hydroxide were used as ecologically safe reduction systems for the CI Sulphur Black 1 dyeing of cotton fabric, and results were compared with those obtained using sodium sulphide. Dyeing processes were carried out at 90 °C for 60 min, and the colour yield (the K/S value), dyeing fastness, and breaking strength of dyed fabrics after soaping were measured. Response surface methodology was employed for experimental design and optimisation of results. Mathematical model equations were derived and statistical analysis carried out by computer simulation programming using Minitab v.15. At a dosage of 0.8 g l^?1 of CI Sulphur Black 1, the optimum sodium borohydride reduction system (sodium borohydride 0.47 g l^?1, sodium hydroxide 0.65 g l^?1) exhibited the highest colour yield and the lowest chemical oxygen demand of the residual dyebath.     

A 3D Porous Coordination Polymer from Tetrazole Ligand and Cd(II): Crystal Structure,Luminescent Property and Adsorption of Methanol and Water

An unusual tetrazole-based Cd(II) coordination polymer, [Cd(4-tzba)(H₂O)]_n (tzba = 4-(tetrazolyl)benzenecarboxylic acid) (1), was synthesized by hydrothermal reaction and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure of 1 contains distorted octahedral cadmium centers coordinated by four different tzba^2? ligands and a water molecule. All the tzba^2? ligands display coordination of type, μ4-κN1:κN3:κN4:κO1, O2, which connects four Cd(II) atoms to form an intricate 3-D network. There are three kinds of apertures in the structure of 1; two helical channels and a hexagonal aperture are observed along different axes. Polymer 1 exhibits selective gas adsorption behavior for methanol, ethanol and water. In addition, 1 shows blue photoluminescence mainly arising from intraligand transitions of the aromatic rings in the tbza^2? ligand.     

海绵城市规划政策及建设适宜措施研究

为了更好地推动海绵城市的建设与实施,促进城市内部雨洪管理模式与城市生态环境的发展,本研究梳理了中国海绵城市政策的发展历程,以华南地区的海绵城市为主要研究对象,并以4种海绵城市相关专业专家为调查对象,从环境危机感、责任归属感、优点认同、政策拥护以及海绵城市的建设措施方面进行问卷调查。首先建立"危机—行为"理论模型并利用结构方程分析法揭示相关专业人员对环境问题的意识、对海绵城市政策的拥护程度数理关系。其次,分析适宜华南地区建设的海绵城市措施,得出"竖向结合天然河道"的建设措施具有最高的区域针对性。同时,基于区域发展现状与区位环境特征,提出可融入政策的措施制定方法,为相关政策与实施策略的制定提供依据和参考。     

气浮-ABR-生物接触氧化组合工艺处理豆制品废水

以200 t/d的豆制品废水处理工程为研究对象,采用气浮-ABR-生物接触氧化组合工艺对其进行处理。结果表明:当进水COD为8 409～14 501 mg/L、BOD₅为3 246～6 894 mg/L、NH₄⁺-N为41～111 mg/L、TN为187～365 mg/L、TP为21～39 mg/L时,组合工艺出水水质达到了当地污水处理厂纳管标准。该组合工艺对COD、BOD、TN、TP平均去除率分别达到98.31%、98.30%、91.23%和95.36%。该组合工艺具有工程费用低、运行费用少、耐冲击负荷能力强等优点。     

Catalytic mechanism of manganese ions and visible light on chalcopyrite bioleaching in the presence of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

The bioleaching of chalcopyrite is low cost and environmentally friendly,but the leaching rate is low.To explore the mechanism of chalcopyrite bioleaching and improve its leaching rate,the effect and mecha-nism of manganese ions (Mn2+) and visible light on chalcopyrite mediated by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxi-dans (A.ferrooxidans) were discussed.Bioleaching experiments showed that when both Mn2+ and visible light were present,the copper extraction was 14.38％ higher than that of the control system (with-out Mn2+ and visible light).Moreover,visible light and Mn2+ promoted the growth of A.ferrooxidans.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analysis revealed that Mn2+ promoted the formation of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) on the surface of chalcopyrite,changed the morphology of A.ferrooxidans,enhanced the adsorption of bacteria on chalcopyrite surface with light illumination,and thus promoted the bioleaching of chalcopyrite.UV-vis absorbance spectra indicated that Mn2+ promoted the response of chalcopyrite to visible light and enhanced the catalytic effect of visible light on chalcopyrite bioleaching.Based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),the relevant sulfur speciation of chalcopyrite before and after bioleaching were analyzed and the results revealed that visible light and Mn2+ promoted chalcopyrite bioleaching by reducing the formation of pas-sivation layer (Sn2-/S0).Investigation into electrochemical results further indicated that Mn2+ and visible light improved the electrochemical activity of chalcopyrite,thus increasing the bioleaching rate.     

改性干水灭火剂灭木垛火试验研究

新型干水灭火剂因其高含水量和特殊核壳结构,具有良好的灭火效果。为探究干水对木垛火的灭火效果,自行制备磷酸二氢铵改性干水并开展小尺寸木垛火灭火试验。结果表明：干水灭火剂能够扑灭小尺寸木垛火且不发生复燃,改性干水的控火时间仅为8 s,控火过程中火焰高度持续快速下降,而干粉灭火剂的控火时间则为20 s,喷撒结束39 s后发生复燃;改性干水对火焰区及木垛的温度抑制效果均优于干粉灭火剂,控火时间内,改性干水作用下木垛表面的平均温降速率高达17.00℃/s,是干粉灭火剂作用下平均温降速率的1.94倍;改性干水能够有效降低木垛内部温度,在喷撒50 s内,木垛中心的平均温降速率为8.78℃/s,而干粉灭火剂缺乏冷却作用,木垛中心的平均温降速率仅为6.10℃/s,无法有效抑制阴燃。     

基于BP神经网络的地温推演模型

针对地温观测中数据缺测和国家一般气象站无深层地温观测的问题,提出了采用BP神经网络建立的实时地温推演模型和深层地温推演模型(40~160 cm地温模型和320 cm地温模型)。前者可用于整点地温观测数据缺测的填补,后者用于无深层地温观测地区的地温估算。以样本站的小部分数据训练网络,用样本站全部数据测试,反复调试神经网络参数,筛选出误差性能好的地温模型,再用对比站数据测试地温模型的输出误差。实时地温模型样本站推演正确率为77.705%,对比站推演正确率为66.168%;40~160 cm地温模型72%以上的输出误差不大于0.5℃;320 cm地温模型83%以上的输出误差不大于1℃。实验结果表明,该方法建立的地温推演模型具有较高的精度和实用性。     

HDPE/木粉改性复合材料的制备及其长效吸水性能研究

加入HDPE-g-MAH、CG-8831和KH-550制备HDPE/木粉改性复合材料。研究其长效吸水性,发现吸水率随时间延长先快速增加,浸水35 d后缓慢增至平衡,HDPE-g-MAH改性效果最好,其饱和吸水率仅为1.503%。利用Fick第二扩散定律拟合吸水动力学曲线,得扩散系数D的顺序:HDPE-g-MAH增容HDPE/木粉复合材料HDPE/木粉复合材料KH-550改性HDPE/木粉复合材料CG-8831改性HDPE/木粉复合材料。并证明该吸水过程符合Fick第二扩散定律,相关系数R2值达0.99以上。HDPE/木粉改性复合材料尺寸变化系数CDCWCT。