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基于千年生态系统评估对生态系统服务的分类方法,将天津市地下水生态系统服务功能划分为供给、调节、 支持和文化 4 个方面,以此为基础建立地下水生态系统服务价值评估指标体系,采用价值量评估方法构建货币化 的价值评估模型,对地下水生态系统服务价值进行测算,并重点分析南水北调中线工程通水前后天津市地下水生 态系统服务价值演变特征。结果表明:2008—2019 年,天津市地下水生态系统年均总服务价值为 83.71 亿元,其 中,南水北调中线工程通水前(2008—2014 年)为 69.81 亿元,通水后(2015—2019 年)为 103.18 亿元;通水后,地 下水调节服务价值、支持服务价值增大,供给服务价值减小;南水北调中线工程对地下水生态系统服务价值的贡 献呈增大趋势,由 2015 年 2.64 亿元增加至 2019 年 24.01 亿元。  相似文献   
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基于历史实测降水数据与全球气候模型预估数据,使用 Morlet 小波方法分析滇中引水工程水源区与受水区 降水序列的周期变化和未来的降水趋势。同时,采用 Copula 函数计算历史时期(1960—2021 年)与未来时期 (2022—2100 年)水源区与受水区降水丰枯异步或丰枯同步的概率。结果表明:1960—2021 年降水序列存在 26~39?a、18~25?a、4~7?a 的 3 类时间尺度的周期变化,2022—2100 年降水序列存在 38~55?a、18~30?a、5~12?a 的 3 类时间尺度的周期变化,降水量呈现“多—少—多”的循环交替,预计未来 10~20?a 将持续处于降水较多的时期; 过去 62?a,水源区和受水区降水丰枯异步频率 36.4%,同期丰水年频率为 25.3%,同期枯水年频率小于 30%,水源区 和受水区具有水量互补的引水条件,两区域之间存在着水量补偿特征;与历史丰枯遭遇对比,未来降水量丰枯同 步频率均呈现减小的趋势,丰枯异步呈现增加的趋势,同枯和源枯受丰的频率减少,未来有利于调水的降水丰枯 组合概率平均增加 3.75%;在近、中、远期预估中,从 SSP1-2.6 情景过渡到 SSP5-8.5 情景,SSP5-8.5 情景下降水量 丰枯异步频率比 SSP1-2.6 情景大,说明水源区与受水区的降水区域差异变大,降水时空差异更加显著。通过对滇 中引水工程水源区与受水区降水量丰枯遭遇的综合分析、定量评估和模拟预测,为滇中引水工程水资源调度协同 一体化提供数据支撑及参考依据。  相似文献   
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The structural diversity of polyphenols and the inherent limitations of current extraction techniques pose a challenge to extract polyphenols using a simple and green method. Hence, in this study, a method was developed to simultaneously fractionate multiple classes of polyphenols by only varying ethanol-water solutions. Honeybush tea, which is rich in polyphenols, was selected as a model for this study. Solvent extraction followed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) was developed to obtain a polyphenol-rich fraction from six honeybush samples. Based on a gradient elution programme (10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% (v/v) ethanol-water solution) of SPE, the Strata X cartridge showed a better recovery of most targeted polyphenols under 0.9 mL of the drying volume and 1 mL min−1 of the dispensing speed. The elution programme for fractionating most polyphenols was as follows: single elution with 50% ethanol, followed by twice elution with 70% ethanol. The antioxidant capacity was used to analyse the differences among the polyphenol-rich fractions from six honeybush samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that unfermented C. genistoides (GG) has the greatest antioxidant capacity among the honeybush species studied. Additionally, mangiferin, isomangiferin and vicenin-2 were the main contributors to the antioxidant capacity in six honeybush fractions according to the correlation study.  相似文献   
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This study aims to fabricate mineral-loading nanocarriers using natural materials. The interaction patterns between ovalbumin (OVA) and four water-soluble polyphenols, namely ferulic acid (FA), (-)-Epigallo-catechin 3-gallate (EGCG), gallic acid (GA) and epicatechin (EC), were investigated. Results showed that the optimised conditions for preparing stable OVA–polyphenol complexes are at the OVA–polyphenol ratio of 4:1 at pH 6, under which OVA–FA and OVA–EGCG showed the highest stability and mineral-loading capacity among four OVA–polyphenol complexes. The fluorescence results indicated that the addition of EGCG and FA induced a significant fluorescence quenching to OVA. The interaction between OVA and polyphenols involved hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction and electrostatic interaction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis suggested that both FA and EGCG enhanced the stability and orderliness of the structure of OVA. The transmission electron microscopy images also exhibited the spherical structure of OVA after the addition of FA and EGCG. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive X-ray spectrum results suggested that OVA–FA and OVA–EGCG complexes were better mineral carriers than OVA–GA and OVA–EC. This study may serve as the theoretical support for the promising application of OVA in the fabrication of mineral-loading nanocarriers in functional food and pharmaceutic.  相似文献   
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Coptidis Rhizoma is the dried rhizome from the Coptis chinensis Franch. that has been shown to have a number of beneficial pharmacological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. However, the anti-cancer effects of Coptidis Rhizoma on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer properties of Coptidis Rhizoma ethanol extract (CR) in HCC Hep3B cells and in a xenograft mouse model. Our results showed that the CR significantly inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in Hep3B cells through increased expression of Bcl-2 associated x-protein (Bax) and cleavage of poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), reduced expression of Bcl-2, and activated caspases. CR also increased the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which caused a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ΔΨm) and activation of the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Moreover, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a ROS inhibitor, markedly blocked the effects of CR on apoptotic pathways. CR also induced the expression of light chain 3 (LC3)-I/II, a key autophagy regulator, whereas CR-mediated autophagy was significantly suppressed by NAC. In addition, pre-treatment with NAC perfectly attenuated the inhibition of cell invasion and migration of CR-stimulated Hep3B cells. Furthermore, oral administration of CR suppressed Hep3B tumor growth in xenograft mice without toxicity, alterations to body weight, or changes in hematological and biochemical profiles. Taken together, our findings suggest that CR has anti-tumor effects that result from ROS generation, and may be a potential pharmacological intervention for HCC.  相似文献   
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This work investigates the influence of niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) as dopant, on the structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties of NiZnCo ferrites. The results showed that Nb2O5 was an effective dopant, and the Nb5+ ions entered the B site to replace Fe3+ ions, which altered the electromagnetic properties of the NiZnCo ferrite. In particular, the coercivity (Hc) was 20~24 Oe, and the magnetic quality factor (Q), was more than 200 at x = 0 and x = 0.1 wt%, which is 4~5 times higher than that of NiZn and NiCuZn ferrites. Excellent electromagnetic properties were obtained for 0.1 wt% Nb2O5-doped NiZnCo ferrite, i.e., Ms = 88.3 emu/g, Hc =20.4 Oe, ρ = 2.4 × 105 Ω m and Q = 202 @20 MHz. These excellent electromagnetic properties of Nb2O5-doped NiZnCo ferrites could be potentially applied to resonators and capacitors at high frequency.  相似文献   
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In order to prepare waterborne polyurethane with excellent water resistance and thermodynamic properties, a series of side chain fluorinated waterborne polyurethane-urea (FWPU-UA) was synthesized with polytetramethylene ether glycol, N-(2-methyl-1,3-propanediol-2′-)-perfluoro-1-butanesulfonyl amine (NPBA), isophorone diisocyanate, and isophoronediamine. With the increase of NPBA content, the weight loss temperature, glass transition temperature, and tensile strength of FWPU-UA were all improved. Gaussian fitting analysis of infrared data and density functional theory simulation proved that the introduction of fluorine side chains increased the interaction of hydrogen bonding in the FWPU-UA. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicated that the aggregation of fluorine atoms on the surface of film were caused by the migration and enrichment of fluorine side chains. Furthermore, the water resistance of polyurethane-urea film could be significantly improved by adding a small amount of NPBA, and the seven-day water absorption rate of polyurethane-urea film was reduced from 30.13% to 12.55%.  相似文献   
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