时效工艺对纳米结构2297铝锂合金力学性能与微观组织的影响

采用535 ℃×2 h固溶制度,将热锻态2297铝锂合金固溶水淬后冷轧,冷轧压下量为95%,然后将轧制样品在不同温度(120~190 ℃)和时间(0~80 h)范围内进行时效处理。采用拉伸、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等测试方法,分析时效温度和时间对铝锂合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明:时效前的大塑性变形能获得纳米结构组织,能促进T₁相均匀细小地析出,缩短合金达到峰时效的时间,最终成功制备了高强高塑性铝锂合金。在120~140 ℃温区内时效时,时效温度越高,达到峰时效的时间越短、强度越高。140 ℃达到峰时效时间缩短为40 h,此时合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为525 MPa、478 MPa和7.7%,主要强化相为细小的T₁相。在170~190 ℃温区内时效时,时效温度越高,达到峰时效的时间越短,但抗拉强度与屈服强度迅速下降。170 ℃时效8 h达到峰时效状态,此时合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别是503 MPa、462 MPa和5.0%,主要强化相仍为T₁相,但已经明显粗化。     

Carbon dioxide reforming of methane to syngas over ordered mesoporous Ni/KIT-6 catalysts

The ordered mesoporous Ni/KIT-6 (KIT-6, an ordered mesoporous SiO₂) catalysts were prepared by impregnation method for carbon dioxide reforming of methane. The physicochemical properties of the prepared catalysts were characterized by H₂-TPR, XRD, BET, and TEM. The research results show that the specific surface area, pore diameter, crystal size of Ni species, and catalytic performance of the Ni/KIT-6 catalysts are obviously affected by the Ni content. Increasing Ni content results in the increment of the crystal size of Ni species, while the dispersion of Ni species shows the opposite trend. The specific surface area and pore size of the Ni/KIT-6 catalyst with the Ni loading of 3 wt% were 493.3 m² g^?1 and 6.22 nm, respectively. Besides, the Ni species are highly dispersed on the surface of KIT-6 support. Thereby, it exhibits the superior catalytic performance of carbon dioxide reforming of methane to syngas (CO and H₂). At atmospheric pressure, the CO₂ and CH₄ conversions for each catalyst following the order: NK3 ≈ NK4 > NK5 > NK2 > NK1 > bulk Ni. When the reaction temperature is 600 °C, the conversions of CH₄ and CO₂ of the NK3 catalyst are 65.1% and 37.0%, respectively. Meanwhile, it also shows excellent stability.     

Immobilization of simulated An3+ into synthetic Gd2Zr2O7 ceramic by SPS without occupation or valence design

To simplify the immobilized process of nuclear waste, synthetic Gd₂Zr₂O₇ ceramic was employed to immobilize simulated An³⁺ (Nd³⁺) by spark plasma sintering (SPS) without any ion occupation or valence design. Sintering and characterization of immobilized simulated An³⁺ with various doping amounts were carried out. The effects of Nd₂O₃ content on the phase composition, active modes, micro-graph and density of the sintered ceramics were investigated. When the Nd₂O₃ doped amount reached up to 50 mol%, the raw peak of Nd₂O₃ existed. The sintered ceramics kept a single fluorite phase when Nd₂O₃ solubility achieved to 40 mol%. The sintered ceramics presented a well crystalline phase and the elements distributed evenly. In addition, as the Nd₂O₃ doped amount increase, the density and Vickers hardness values of Nd₂O₃ doped sample decrease.     

高岭土高温吸附重金属和碱金属的研究进展

高岭土在高温下对碱金属和重金属具有吸附能力，可以解决煤、生物质和垃圾等在燃烧、气化等过程中产生的结渣、积灰、腐蚀以及重金属和超细颗粒物排放等问题。国内外学者已对此进行了长期研究，但仍存在相关的难度和问题，因此本文从高岭土高温结构特征、研究方法、高温吸附机理、高温吸附技术应用效果以及高岭土改性等5个方面介绍了相关重要成果，并结合前人研究成果和作者自身的研究经验，提出了本领域研究的展望。指出缺乏简便而准确的金属蒸气定量发生装置和在线检测装置严重阻碍了高岭土高温吸附的试验研究，亟待开发出对应的新方法或新设备；高岭土高温吸附的同时其结构因为高温也在发生畸变，掌握其中的关联是理解高温吸附行为的关键之一；烟气组分对吸附的影响研究仍不充分，因此目前无法形成复杂烟气组分下的高岭土高温吸附行为规律和数学描述；技术应用过程中，高岭土添加量较大（通常大于3%），可能对燃烧或气化工艺产生不良影响，抑制了其工业应用；高岭土改性是提升吸附效率、降低高岭土用量的有效方法，改性工艺仍有待深入研究，但因为吸附后高岭土难以分离回收和循环再生，改性成本必须低。     

海洋二维双船拖缆与宽频带地震采集实验

双船拖缆地震采集可以布设灵活的观测系统，如形成大炮检距、增加覆盖次数、中间激发提供两个方向照明等，进而改善复杂构造的地震成像效果。同时，宽频地震技术日益受到重视，通过大容量宽频震源激发，变深度拖缆接收，并进行数据去鬼波处理，达到拓宽频带的效果。综合双船拖缆与宽频采集的优势所开展的实验表明，成像剖面的浅层分辨率得到提高，中深目标层揭示效果有了改善，该技术在构造成像难点区值得尝试。     

Hydrodistillation condition adjustment for different material particle sizes: a method to increase batch‐to‐batch quality consistency

Varying material particle sizes represent a common contributing factor to the batch‐to‐batch variation of extraction yields. To increase the batch‐to‐batch quality consistency of extracts, a method was proposed to adjust the extraction conditions for different material particle sizes, taking the hydrodistillation extraction process of Radix Curcumae and Fructus Gardeniae as a case study. Statistical models were built for five sesquiterpenes including curcumenone, curcumenol, curdione, curzerenone and furanodienone, to quantitatively describe the effects of particle size and process parameters on their extraction yields. An increase in sodium chloride concentration remarkably increased the yields of curcumenone and curcumenol, and a larger solvent‐to‐solid ratio increased the yields of five sesquiterpenes. Under the adjusted process parameters for two different particle sizes, the yield for each compound was controlled to fall in the 90–110% target range. The proposed method can be applied to various extraction processes of foods and herbal medicines.     

异丙醇铝控制水解制备高纯拟薄水铝石和多孔氧化铝

主要进行异丙醇铝水解制备高纯拟薄水铝石和高纯多孔γ-Al_2O_3的研究。合成路线以异丙醇铝为原料,改变反应过程中水化液组成、水化温度和水化时间,制备一系列拟薄水铝石及其焙烧产物多孔γ-Al_2O_3。结果表明,水化液中异丙醇的存在会抑制无定型氢氧化铝的晶化,但也有助于形成大孔径、高比表面和大孔容的氧化铝;纯水体系下,60℃以下水化会出现三水铝石,60℃以上水化的产物则为拟薄水铝石;γ-Al_2O_3孔结构与前驱体拟薄水铝石的结晶度有关,晶粒越大的拟薄水铝石,焙烧所得氧化铝的孔径和孔容也增大。因此,水化条件的改变可以实现拟薄水铝石结构的控制,进而获得不同结构的多孔氧化铝。为由异丙醇铝水解制备高纯拟薄水铝石和多孔氧化铝的工业化提供相应的研究基础。     

Immobilization of simulated waste into pure Gd2Zr2O7 pyrochlore without space occupancy design

In this study, different molar ratios of Nd:Ce were directly mixed with prepared pure Gd₂Zr₂O₇ powders without space occupancy design. Samples were obtained by performing sparking plasma sintering (SPS) at 1750°C for 5 minutes. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that maximum solid solubility of simulated radionuclides can reach 50 mol%. In addition, all samples with the maximum solid solubility have high compactness, and all elements are evenly distributed on the surface of the samples. The samples show a better crystallization effect as the molar ratio of Nd:Ce increases. The maximum solid solubility increases from 42 mol% to 50 mol% when the amount of Nd₂O₃ reaches 66 mol%.