Multimedia Tools and Applications - In this paper, we propose a novel interpolation and a new reversible data hiding scheme for upscaling the original image and hiding secret data into the... 相似文献
Objective: Paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded polymer (Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), PLGA)-based nanoformulation was developed with the objective of formulating cremophor EL-free nanoformulation intended for intravenous use.
Significance: The polymeric PTX nanoparticles free from the cremophor EL will help in eliminating the shortcomings of the existing delivery system as cremophor EL causes serious allergic reactions to the subjects after intravenous use.
Methods and results: Paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles were formulated by nanoprecipitation method. The diminutive nanoparticles (143.2?nm) with uniform size throughout (polydispersity index, 0.115) and high entrapment efficiency (95.34%) were obtained by employing the Box–Behnken design for the optimization of the formulation with the aid of desirability approach-based numerical optimization technique. Optimized levels for each factor viz. polymer concentration (X1), amount of organic solvent (X2), and surfactant concentration (X3) were 0.23%, 5?ml %, and 1.13%, respectively. The results of the hemocompatibility studies confirmed the safety of PLGA-based nanoparticles for intravenous administration. Pharmacokinetic evaluations confirmed the longer retention of PTX in systemic circulation.
Conclusion: In a nutshell, the developed polymeric nanoparticle formulation of PTX precludes the inadequacy of existing PTX formulation and can be considered as superior alternative carrier system of the same. 相似文献
The present experimental investigation deals with the transformation of waste plastic into oil in a pyrolysis reactor. A single feed at a rate of 8?kg yielded 675?ml of pyrolytic oil. The physiochemical properties of plastic oil (PO) were found to be within American Society for Testing and Material standards with higher kinematic viscosity and carbon residue. The GC-MS and Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis studies revealed the presence of 14 different compounds in PO. Straight diesel–PO blending was carried out at 15% and 30% in volume ratio. At full-load condition, in-cylinder pressure, rate of pressure rise, rate of heat release and peak pressure were higher for PO30% than straight diesel. The brake thermal efficiency for PO blends was found to be slightly higher than straight diesel with a significant increase in brake-specific fuel consumption. Unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC), CO NOx and smoke emission showed significant variation with PO blends. The physiochemical properties of PO blends significantly affect the engine performance. 相似文献
The collision progression including ionization of an inner-shell by an energetic proton and decay of vacancy is a motivating theme in ion-beam analysis. To explore measured vacancy de-excitation parameters for Pb, intensity ratios are experimentally determined from L X-rays with proton impact in the energy range 225–400 keV. Predictions of UAECPSSR theory are employed for ionization cross-sections. For atomic parameters such as transition rates, fluorescence, Auger and Coster–Kronig (CK) yields, various databases are used. In this paper, significance of these features and current progress are discussed. 相似文献
The laser induced etching of semi-insulating GaAs 〈100〉 is carried out to create porous structure under super- and sub-bandgap
photon illumination (h v). The etching mechanism is different for these separate illuminations where defect states play the key role in making distinction
between these two processes. Separate models are proposed for both the cases to explain the etching efficiency. It is observed
that under sub-bandgap photon illumination the etching process starts vigorously through the mediation of intermediate defect
states. The defect states initiate the pits formation and subsequently pore propagation occurs due to asymmetric electric
field in the pore. Formation of GaAs nanostructures is observed using scanning electron (SEM) and atomic force microscopy
(AFM). 相似文献
Speech production errors characteristic of dysarthria are chiefly responsible for the low accuracy of automatic speech recognition (ASR) when used by people diagnosed with it. A person with dysarthria produces speech in a rather reduced acoustic working space, causing typical measures of speech acoustics to have values in ranges very different from those characterizing unimpaired speech. It is unlikely then that models trained on unimpaired speech will be able to adjust to this mismatch when acted on by one of the currently well-studied adaptation algorithms (which make no attempt to address this extent of mismatch in population characteristics).In this work, we propose an interpolation-based technique for obtaining a prior acoustic model from one trained on unimpaired speech, before adapting it to the dysarthric talker. The method computes a ‘background’ model of the dysarthric talker's general speech characteristics and uses it to obtain a more suitable prior model for adaptation (compared to the speaker-independent model trained on unimpaired speech). The approach is tested with a corpus of dysarthric speech acquired by our research group, on speech of sixteen talkers with varying levels of dysarthria severity (as quantified by their intelligibility). This interpolation technique is tested in conjunction with the well-known maximum a posteriori (MAP) adaptation algorithm, and yields improvements of up to 8% absolute and up to 40% relative, over the standard MAP adapted baseline. 相似文献
Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have become the part of various communication standards due to their excellent error correcting performance. Existing methods require matrix inverse computation for obtaining a systematic generator matrix from parity check matrix. With the change in code rate or code length the process is repeated and hence, a large number of pre-processing computations time and resources are required. In the existing methods, the complexity of encoding is essentially quadratic with respect to the block length. In this paper, it is shown that the parity check matrix can be constructed using patterned sub-matrix structure such that the matrix inverse operation is replaced by matrix multiplication of sparse matrices. The sparseness of matrices is then utilized to obtain efficient encoders which can achieve encoding in real time with reduced pre-computation complexity. Hardware implementation of encoder and simulation results show that the proposed encoder achieves throughput in excess of 1 Gbps with the same error correcting performance as the conventional designs. 相似文献
Phragmites australis is considered the most invasive plant in marsh and wetland communities in the eastern United States. Although allelopathy
has been considered as a possible displacing mechanism in P. australis, there has been minimal success in characterizing the responsible allelochemical. We tested the occurrence of root-derived
allelopathy in the invasiveness of P. australis. To this end, root exudates of two P. australis genotypes, BB (native) and P38 (an exotic) were tested for phytotoxicity on different plant species. The treatment of the
susceptible plants with P. australis root exudates resulted in acute rhizotoxicity. It is interesting to note that the root exudates of P38 were more effective
in causing root death in susceptible plants compared to the native BB exudates. The active ingredient in the P. australis exudates was identified as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (gallic acid). We tested the phytotoxic efficacy of gallic acid on
various plant systems, including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Most tested plants succumbed to the gallic acid treatment with the exception of P. australis itself. Mechanistically, gallic acid treatment generated elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the treated
plant roots. Furthermore, the triggered ROS mediated the disruption of the root architecture of the susceptible plants by
damaging the microtubule assembly. The study also highlights the persistence of the exuded gallic acid in P. australis’s rhizosphere and its inhibitory effects against A. thaliana in the soil. In addition, gallic acid demonstrated an inhibitory effect on Spartina alterniflora, one of the salt marsh species it successfully invades.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献