Structure-property relations of 55 nm particle-toughened epoxy

55-nm rubber particles significantly toughened two epoxy systems without loss of Young’s modulus, tensile strength and glass transition temperature. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) showed that the nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in matrix and have blurred interface with epoxy. 5 wt% rubber nanoparticles increased the critical strain energy release rate (G_1c) of Jeffamine D230 (J230)-cured epoxy from 175 J/m² to 1710 J/m², while the 10 wt% increased G_1c of diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS)-cured epoxy from 73 J/m² to 696 J/m². This is explained by comparing the surface-surface interparticle distance and total particle surface of nanocomposites with those of composites. The higher the matrix stiffness, the more nanoparticles needed for toughening. Although the 10 wt% J230-cured nanocomposite showed a 50% larger size of stress-whitened zone than the 5 wt% J230-cured nanocomposite, the 5 wt% nanocomposite showed a higher toughness. These nanoparticles were found to pose barriers to the vibration of crosslinked matrix molecules, leading to higher glass transition temperatures. While the matrix shear banding caused by nanoparticle expansion and growth is the major toughening mechanism for the J230-cured nanocomposites, the matrix plastic void growth and deformation are most probably the major mechanisms for the DDS-cured system. Under tensile loading, the nanoparticles in the DDS-cured epoxy created fibrils of 100-200 nm in diameter and 3-5 μm in length. TEM analysis in front of a subcritically propagated crack tip showed a number of voids of 30-500 nm in diameter in the vicinity of the crack, implying that rubber nanoparticles expanded, grew and deformed under loading. Unlike conventional epoxy/rubber composites in which all of the rubber particles in the crack front cavitated under loading, only a portion of the nanoparticles in this study expanded to create voids. Huang and Kinloch’s model developed from composites was found not fit well into these nanocomposites.     

A spatiotemporal neural network for recognizing partially occludedobjects

In this paper, a spatiotemporal neural network for partially occluded object recognition is presented. The system consists of two major components: a feature extraction process and a spatiotemporal modular neural network. The former is made up of a sequence of preprocessing techniques including thresholding, boundary extraction, Gaussian filtering, and a split-and-merge algorithm to generate features that will represent the objects to be recognized. These acquired features are invariant to rotation, translation, and scaling and can serve as input to the spatiotemporal network that utilizes the concept of tap delay to account for spatial correlation between consecutive input features. A shape perceiver is designed into the network to extract continued parts of an object as well as to enable the inclusion of each object's unique characteristics into the system. Traditional neural network approaches for recognizing partially occluded objects have encountered significant problems because of the incomplete boundaries of the objects. In our approach, by creatively installing tap delays, the system can escape this limitation. Experimental results show that the proposed system can produce satisfactory results in efficiently and effectively recognizing partially occluded objects. Furthermore, intrinsic to this system is the ease by which it can be realized through parallel implementation, thus minimizing the tremendous time spent in matching object contours stored in a model database, as is the case in conventional recognition systems     

环氧基片溅射钛副族氧化物薄膜的脉冲真空闪络特性

在绝缘材料表面制备半导电性及高导热系数的涂层可以明显提高材料的沿面闪络性能.采用高真空反应磁控溅射方法,在环氧基片表面溅射TiO2、ZrO2,HfO2薄膜,使用快脉冲真空闪络实验装置(50ns/600ns,前沿和半高宽时间),在真空度5×10-3Pa时,研究了上述三种氧化物薄膜的真空闪络特性.实验发现,TiO2和ZrO2薄膜以无定形态存在,表面颗粒未晶化,而HfO2薄膜已经晶化. TiO2薄膜的闪络电压最高,HfO2薄膜较低.TiO2和HfO2随着溅射时间的增加,镀膜的真空闪络电压有所提高,而ZrO2随着溅射时间的增加,镀膜的真空闪络电压有所下降.结合ANSOFT静电场仿真数据,分析了薄膜的基本特性对闪络后表面电位分布及闪络电压的影响机制.     

金属原子吸附对GaN（0001）表面光学性能的调制

基于第一性原理计算，研究了实验中常用的金属（Ni、Ru和Au）等三种原子对GaN（0001）表面光学性质的调控。结果表明，电子从吸附原子中转移到GaN（0001）表面，Ni和Ru的吸附降低了GaN（0001）表面的功函数。在GaN（0001）表面的带隙中引入了杂质能级，使载流子跃迁的势垒高度降低，进而调节其光学性 。可以看到在低光子能量区所有光学曲线的主峰红移，而在高光子能量区所有光学曲线都出现收缩现象，所有光学曲线上特征峰的数量和位置都发生了明显的变化。此外，吸附金属原子后，GaN（0001）表面对可见光甚至红外光的吸收增强了，适用于较长波光的探测。     

某地下采空区深孔爆破崩落治理工程实践

以某地下矿山采空区治理为工程背景，根据采空区规模、开采方式、围岩条件等，提出了顶底板围岩深孔爆破崩落治理方案，采用崩落的围岩充填采空区，并设计了合理的深孔爆破参数。经过精心设计和施工，成功消除了采空区安全隐患，保证了矿山安全生产，同时积累了空区治理的工程经验。     

Thermal and Electrical Properties of PVD Ru(P) Film as Cu Diffusion Barrier

Thermal and electrical properties of physical vapor deposition (PVD) Ru(P) film deposited on porous ultra low-k (p-ULK) material as Cu diffusion barrier were studied. The phosphorous concentration can be tuned by adjusting Ar to PH₃ ratio of the sputtering gases. The leakage current depends on phosphorous concentration. Higher phosphorous content in Ru film has lower leakage current. No obvious phosphorous content dependence was observed when the amorphous Ru(P) film crystallized. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) graphs and energy dispersive spectrometer’s (EDS) atomic depth profiles show that the Ru(P) film deposited on p-ULK can effectively block Cu diffusion when the sample is subjected to 800 °C 5 min annealing. The phosphorous doped Ru film improves diffusion barrier properties and leakage current performance. The improved Ru(P) barrier capable of direct Cu plating could be a potential candidate for advanced metallization.     

薄壁零件厚度自动检测系统设计

设计了一种用于薄壁零件厚度的自动测试系统。对系统设计方案的拟订进行了介绍,同时对机械系统和电气系统中一些重要元器件的设计和选择过程进行了介绍。     

板式吸收塔优化设计研究与软件开发

以板式吸收塔系统的年总费用为目标函数，建立了优化设计数学模型，以吸收塔的液气比为决策变量，用单变量优化算法(菲波拿契法)求得最优解。用Visual Basic6．0开发出板式吸收塔优化设计软件。软件运行于Windows 9x系统，界面友好，操作方便。算列表明优化设计比常规设计节省生产成本。     

Economically synthesized NiCo2S4/TiO2 with high reflectance ability as the counter electrode to replace Pt for dye-sensitized solar cells

The counter electrode (CE) is regarded as one of key components affecting the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). It is still a challenge to develop an economical Pt-free CE with superior catalytic activity and high reflectance ability in DSSCs. Herein, the mirror-like NiCo₂S₄/TiO₂ CE with high reflectance ability is prepared on the TiO₂ coated FTO glass by a one-step hydrothermal method. Due to high electrocatalytic activity and excellent light reflectivity, the mirror-like NiCo₂S₄/TiO₂ CE based DSSC displays high photoelectric conversion efficiency of 8.29%, superior to Pt CE (7.45%). This kind of the mirror-like NiCo₂S₄/TiO₂ CE stands out from the commercial Pt CE due to its above merits.