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1.
Fluorocarbon surfactants were the main components of aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agents (AFFF). Unfortunately, the widely used fluorocarbon surfactant perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was limited due to its toxicity, bioaccumulation and biodegradability. In this paper, an environmentally friendly quaternary ammonium cationic fluorocarbon surfactant with high surface activity and simple synthesis route was reported. The surface performance and aggregation behavior of the mixed solution of this fluorocarbon surfactant and sodium n-octyl sulfate were studied by means of surface tension meter and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that the synergistic effect of sodium n-octyl sulfate and this fluorocarbon surfactant was significant, and many vesicles could be observed in the mixed solution with the concentration of 0.1 mol/L under TEM. Subsequently, three environmental friendly AFFF formulations (F-1, F-2, F-3) were designed with the mixture of the fluorocarbon surfactant, sodium n-octyl sulfate and lauryl betaine BS-12 as foaming agent. Through its foam performance test, it could be seen that F-3 showed relatively excellent foam performance. The initial foam height h0 was 70 mm, the 25% drainage time was 315 s, the extinguishing time was 28 s, and the burn-back time was 720 s. This kind of fire extinguishing agent had the potential of fire protection application.  相似文献   
2.
目的随着苏里格气田规模化开发,开采过程中因水锁效应导致的低产低效气井逐年增多,针对苏里格桃X区块生产需求和气藏水锁问题,进行气井储层水锁伤害解除技术对策研究。 方法通过开展室内药剂研究,采用氟碳类和两性离子型表面活性剂、润湿反转剂等体系复配 研制出适合该区块的解水锁剂。 结果苏里格桃X区块渗透率极低,平均含水饱和度45%左右,水锁指数小于0.3,水锁强度中等偏强。解水锁剂能够使岩心的润湿性由亲水逐渐变得疏水,接触角增大10°,有效改变了岩石润湿性且能够降低储层流体界面张力,储层渗透率最终能够恢复至原来的93.86%,现场试验后单井日均增产0.409 7×104 m3。 结论该体系解水锁剂适用于研究区块,能有效解决气井水锁问题。   相似文献   
3.
The continuous roll-to-roll slot die coating technique has shown great potential for fuel cell electrode fabrication. It is essential to determine the particulate coating window to obtain a defect-free film of uniform thickness and uniform particle dispersion. For this dual-purpose, an additional upper operating limit has been proposed via a “flow field analysis scheme” that combines analysis and simulation. In this analysis, the fundamentals of flow pattern transition (Poiseuille–Couette–bubbly flow) behind coating limits are clarified. The Couette flow is advantageous for uniform shear rate and dispersion. Furthermore, phase-field simulations systematically investigate the effect of fluid and geometrical parameters and quantitatively present the flow limit with explicit expression. Results reveal that the slope of the upper limit is inversely correlated with shear-thinning index n while proportional to the coating gap H. Combining the bubble entrainment boundary, lower n and H are favorable for a larger particulate coating window.  相似文献   
4.
采用盐析凝胶法对废水中的PVA加以回收,并对盐析凝胶后废水进行Fenton处理。考察了Na2SO4、Na2B4O7·10H2O投加量、pH、温度、反应时间等因素对PVA回收效果的影响;同时研究了电催化氧化氧化过程中反应时间、槽电压、初始pH、极板间距、通气量等因素的作用效果。结果表明,盐析凝胶-Fenton氧化法可以有效的回收废水中的聚乙烯醇,并能高效的降解废水中的有机物。在最佳条件下,即室温,pH为4.0,投加Na2SO415 g/L,Na2B4O7·10H2O 2.5 g/L,反应60 min,废水中PVA回收率可达88.78%;在此基础上,电催化氧化进一步处理使得废水中的PVA降至123.61 mg/L,COD降至1143.93 mg/L,后续需做进一步处理。  相似文献   
5.
We present a new isogeometric analysis (IGA) approach based on extended Loop subdivision scheme for solving various geometric flows defined on subdivision surfaces. The studied flows include the second-order, fourth-order, and sixth-order geometric flows, such as averaged mean curvature flow, constant mean curvature flow, and minimal mean-curvature-variation flow, which are generally derived by minimizing the associate energy functionals with L 2 -gradient flow respectively. The geometric flows are discretized by means of subdivision based IGA, where the finite element space is formulated by the limit form of the extended Loop subdivision for different initial control meshes. The basis functions, consisting of quartic box-splines corresponding to each subdivided control mesh, are utilized to represent the geometry exactly. For the cases of the evolution of open surfaces with any shape boundary, high-order continuous boundary conditions derived from the mixed variational forms of the geometric flows should be implemented to be consistent with the isogeometric concept. For time discretization, we adopt an adaptive semi-implicit Euler scheme. By several numerical experiments, we study the convergence behaviors of the proposed approach for solving the geometric flows with high-order boundary conditions. Moreover, the numerical results also show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.  相似文献   
6.
传统的异常数据监测算法依靠单台计算机对异常数据进行识别,识别速度慢,且无法满足对数据处理的精确性要求。针对上述问题,文中构建了Hadoop分布式财务异常数据分析模型。该模型采用Hadoop中的MapReduce框架作为并行计算框架,同时在数据异常检测算法方面引入了邻域关系的LOF算法,有效避免了数据集元素边缘可能会出现误判的情况。数值实验结果表明,文中所提算法的准确率相比其他3种同类算法提升了5%以上,且算法的总运行时间也明显缩短。由此可见,文中所提模型可快速、准确地检测出财务异常数据,保障医疗系统的平稳运行。  相似文献   
7.
为明确烟草受逆境胁迫时DELLA基因家族的转录调节功能,通过烟草EST序列比对分析克隆了3个DELLA基因家族基因(NtDELLA1,NtDELLA2,NtDELLA3),并对3个基因的结构和表达模式进行了分析。生物信息学分析结果表明,烟草DELLA基因全长1 700 bp左右,其编码蛋白包含DELLA蛋白的特征结构域DELLA基序和VHYNP基序,与拟南芥DELLA蛋白家族的GAI蛋白高度同源,推测烟草DELLA蛋白与拟南芥DELLA蛋白具有类似的功能;荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,这3个基因在烟草不同组织和关键生长发育时期表达模式类似,尤以茎中表达量最高;胁迫应答分析结果表明,烟草DELLA基因的转录对干旱、低温、烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)侵染和外源激素均表现出不同程度的响应,其中干旱、赤霉素(GA)和脱落酸(ABA)可抑制烟草DELLA基因的表达,而低温胁迫可诱导NtDELLA1上调表达,TMV侵染可诱导NtDELLA1和NtDELLA2的大量表达。   相似文献   
8.
Conjugated microporous polymer (CMP) is an emerging organic semiconductor with π-conjugated skele-tons,and the bandgap of CMP can be flexibly modulated to harvest visible light.Based on the diversity and adjustability of monomers in CMP,we designed and synthesized donor-accepter (D-A) type BTN-CMP through Sonogashira-Hagihara cross-coupling polymerization,further in-situ constructing series of inorganic/organic Z-scheme BW/BTN-n composite in the presence of Bi2WO6.After optimization,the tetracycline hydrochloride (Co =10 mg·L-1) degradation efficiency reached 84% with BW/BTN-2 as cata-lyst in 90 min under visible light irradiation,the apparent rate constant k1 is 0.017 min-1,which is 1.7 and 5.7 times higher than bare Bi2WO6 and BTN-CMP.X-ray photoelectron spectra and UV-Vis diffuse spectra showed that the enhanced photocatalytic activity originated from the tight heterojunction between Bi2WO6 and BTN-CMP,which can extend the light absorption range and facilitate the separation and transport of photogenerated charges in the interface of heterojunction.The active species trapping experiments and electron spin resonance technique revealed that h+ was the dominant active species during the photodegradation process of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH).The present study demon-strated the feasibility to construct inorganic/organic composite for the photocatalytic degradation of environmental pollutants.  相似文献   
9.
10.
2021年9月16日,四川省泸县发生6.0级地震,对当地的文化遗产造成了不同程度的损坏。为掌握文化遗产在此次地震中的破坏情况,对古建筑、古桥、渡槽、摩崖造像、古遗址以及可移动文物进行震害调查,分析破坏原因,提出不同文化遗产的震害等级,并统计其在此次地震中破坏占比。研究结果表明:古建筑中木结构的震害较轻,砖木结构和石木结构的损伤较为严重,表现为墙体开裂、倾斜、倒塌和屋面损毁等破坏;古桥的桥面板产生裂缝和起壳,桥头堡基石发生移位;摩崖造像发生开裂、石像脱落,部分岩石发生坠落;古遗址的原有缝隙增大,石砌墙歪闪或倾斜;可移动文物与陈列台连接的金属卡件在地震下崩落。根据震害调查结果,将文化遗产的震害划分为4个等级,并对古建筑的维修与加固、摩崖造像的一体化监测、古桥的维护与应急抢险、可移动文物的隔震保护提出几点建议,为我国文化遗产的抗震保护提供参考。  相似文献   
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