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1.
In this study, grape pomace (GP), a by-product consisting of grape skins and seeds rich in dietary fibres and polyphenols, was used in wafer sheets at different concentrations [5.00 (GP5), 10.0 (GP10), and 15.0 g 100 g−1 (GP15)] for the partial replacement of wheat flour (WF) and improve the functionality of wafer sheets. The GP inclusion at concentrations higher than 5.00 g 100 g−1 significantly affected the texture of sheets as well as the flow behaviour of batters, resulting in softer sheets and more viscous batters (P < 0.05). Moisture contents did not significantly change after GP addition (P > 0.05). After the addition of GP, the L* values decreased and the a* values increased, making the wafers darker (P < 0.05). Moreover, under simulated in vitro digestion conditions, the bioaccessibility of total phenolic compounds in saliva, gastric juice, and intestinal juice was significantly higher than control even at the lowest GP concentration (P < 0.05). Regarding sensory properties, only smoothness and crispness were significantly affected by GP addition, and samples were found to be crisper with higher concentrations of GP. In conclusion, it is possible to partially replace the WF in wafers with GP at a concentration of 5.00 g 100 g−1 to develop a product with higher functionality and nutrient content.  相似文献   
2.
In this study, grape pomace (mixture of grape seeds and skins) powder (GPP), obtained from grape processing, was used at different concentrations [10.0 (GPP10), 20.0 (GPP10) and 30.0 (GPP10) g/100 g] in white chocolate formulation for the partial replacement of sucrose. The results indicated that GPP addition at a higher concentration (>10.0 g/100 g) significantly affected the particle size, moisture content, texture and flow behaviour of white chocolate samples (P < 0.05). However, using GPP at a concentration of 10.0 g/100 g had advantages for physicochemical and flow properties. As expected, under simulated in vitro digestion conditions, the bioaccessibility of total phenolic compounds in saliva, gastric juice and intestinal juice for GPP10 samples was significantly higher than the control (P < 0.05). In conclusion, results of the study showed that it was possible to partially replace the sucrose with GPP at a concentration of 10.0 g/100 g in white chocolate formulations.  相似文献   
3.
Journal of Porous Materials - The transformation of light naphtha to value-added aromatic compounds is gaining momentum in the petrochemical industry. In this work, a series of metal modified...  相似文献   
4.
Mincle agonists have been shown to induce inflammatory cytokine production, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and promote the development of a Th1/Th17 immune response that might be crucial to development of effective vaccination against pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. As an expansion of our previous work, a library of 6,6′-amide and sulfonamide α,α-d -trehalose compounds with various substituents on the aromatic ring was synthesized efficiently in good to excellent yields. These compounds were evaluated for their ability to activate the human C-type lectin receptor Mincle by the induction of cytokines from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A preliminary structure–activity relationship (SAR) of these novel trehalose diamides and sulfonamides revealed that aryl amide-linked trehalose compounds demonstrated improved activity and relatively high potency cytokine production compared to the Mincle ligand trehalose dibehenate adjuvant (TDB) and the natural ligand trehalose dimycolate (TDM) inducing dose-dependent and human-Mincle-specific stimulation in a HEK reporter cell line.  相似文献   
5.
Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology - Dynamic models of robot manipulators with standard dynamic parameters are required for simulations, model-based controller design and external force...  相似文献   
6.
The Journal of Supercomputing - This research presents the detection and mitigation of distributed denial of service (DDoS) in software defined networks (SDN). The proposed method consists of three...  相似文献   
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8.
The aim of this in vitro study is to investigate the effects of ozone and conventional cavity disinfectant on microleakage at the cavities which are restorated with different restorative materials. Ninety human molar teeth were used in this study. Black V cavities are prepared on buccal surfaces of teeth. Teeth are divided to 3 groups which contains 30 teeth. Group 1: ozone applied; Group 2: 2% chlorhexidine applied; Group 3: any disinfectant is not applied. And then all groups are divided to three subgroups. All subgroups are restored with silorane, ormocer, and traditional composite according to the manufacturer’s directions. Sections were examined under a microscope. Occlusal and gingival microleakage values by a separate researcher and scores were recorded. Statistically results were reviewed with ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis Tests. Statistically significant difference of microleakage between cavity disinfectant and control groups’ occlusal and gingival lines was not found (p > 0.05). There was no differences at occlusal lines of composite subgroups (p > 0.05) but also significant difference at gingival lines was found (p < 0.05). Statistically significant difference was found among the composite materials, between chlorhexidine and control groups’ gingival lines. The most successful results at gingival lines were found with silorane.  相似文献   
9.
International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems - This article methodically constructs a novel adaptive self-tuning state-space controller that enhances the robustness of under-actuated...  相似文献   
10.
The family Cactaceae is the diversified group of angiosperm plants whose pollen statistics has been used for taxonomic identification. In this article, we present the pollen morphology of eight species belong to seven taxonomically complex genera of Cactaceae including Astrophytum, Cylindropuntia, Echinocereus, Echinopsis, Mammillaria, Opuntia, and Thelocactus using light and scanning electron microscopy. The pollen grains were acetolyzed, measured, described, and electron photomicrographs were taken. Cactaceae can be characterized by presenting different palynomorphological features including pollen type, sculpturing, polar and equatorial diameter, aperture orientation, exine thickness, P/E ratio, and echini features. Four types of pollen shapes, that is, prolate spheroidal (three species), subprolate (two species), prolate (two species), and oblate spheroidal in Echinocereus reichenbachii were observed. The polar and equatorial diameter observed maximum in O. ficus indica 116.95 and 112.27 μm while minimum in M. compressa 38.42 and 21.05 μm. Pollen of two types, tricolpate in members of subfamily Cactioideae and pantoporate in the Opuntioideae were examined. The fertility percentage has been observed maximum in Opuntia macrocentra (83.84%) and minimum in Opuntia ficus‐indica (57.89%). Exine sculpturing showing great variations such as granulate, reticulate, granulate perforate and micro‐echinate foveolate ornamentation was examined only in Echinopsis eyriesii. A key to species, based on pollen micromorphological attributes, has been constructed for correct identification of complex cactus species.  相似文献   
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