结合注意力的3D卷积网络脑胶质瘤分割算法

为了提升脑胶质瘤分割精度，提出一种结合注意力机制的3D卷积神经网络算法。输入3个不同尺度的图像块，经过9个卷积层和1个分类层后得到3个不同的分类结果，将分类结果与注意力学习到的权重相乘并逐体素相加得到输出。此外该算法采用了一种混合Dice损失函数与Focal损失函数的超参数损失函数。实验表明，该算法的Dice系数在整体区域、核心区域以及增强区域分别达到了95.31%、80.12%、82.25%。与已有的一种脑胶质瘤分割算法deepmedic相比，整体区域、核心区域以及增强区域的Dice系数分别提升了3%、2%、6%。在脑胶质瘤分割方面，具有重要的临床意义。     

高性能有机氟材料制备科学及应用进展

有机氟材料具有优异的热氧稳定性、耐化学腐蚀性、耐老化性、不黏性、电绝缘性以及极小的摩擦系数等特性，因此作为一种不可替代的材料广泛应用于高新技术产业。近年来高新技术产业发展对高性能有机氟材料的需求引发了学术界和工业界对氟材料的研究兴趣。依据本文作者的研究经历及有机氟材料的发展方向，本文介绍了氟树脂（新型含氟聚合物、电活性含氟聚合物、新型全氟磺酸聚合物、聚四氟乙烯3D打印）及氟橡胶（过氧化物硫化氟橡胶、耐低温氟醚橡胶、耐高温全氟醚橡胶、全氟聚醚基类玻璃橡胶）的制备科学及应用进展，特别阐述为了满足航空航天、能源、信息等高新技术产业需求发展的新一代高性能有机氟材料。本文也介绍了近期出现的聚四氟乙烯新成型技术及类玻璃氟橡胶。文章指出发展绿色环保和高效的高性能有机氟材料制备及成型加工方法是今后的发展方向。     

Design of delayed reconfigurable manufacturing system based on part family grouping and machine selection

To improve the convertibility of reconfigurable manufacturing system (RMS), the concept of delayed reconfigurable manufacturing system (D-RMS) was proposed. RMS and D-RMS are both constructed around part family. However, D-RMS may suffer from ultra-long system problem with unacceptable idle machines using generic RMS part families. Besides, considering the complex basic system structure of D-RMS, machine selection of D-RMS should be addressed, including dedicated machine, flexible machine, and reconfigurable machine. Therefore, a system design method for D-RMS based on part family grouping and machine selection is proposed. Firstly, a part family grouping method is proposed for D-RMS that groups the parts with more former common operations into the same part family. The concept of longest relative position common operation subsequence (LPCS) is proposed. The similarity coefficient among the parts is calculated based on LPCS. The reciprocal value of the operation position of LPCS is adopted as the characteristic value. The average linkage clustering (ALC) algorithm is used to cluster the parts. Secondly, a machine selection method is proposed to complete the system design of D-RMS, including machine selection rules and the dividing point decision model. Finally, a case study is given to implement and verify the proposed system design method for D-RMS. The results show that the proposed system design method is effective, which can group parts with more former common operations into the same part family and select appropriate machine types.     

CD34⁺ CD38^- subpopulation without CD123 and CD44 is responsible for LSC and correlated with imbalance of immune cell subsets in AML

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is regarded as a stem cell disease. However, no one unique marker is expressed on leukemia stem cells (LSC) but not on leukemic blasts nor normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). CD34⁺ CD38- with or without CD123 or CD44 subpopulations are immunophenotypically defined as putative LSC fractions in AML. Nevertheless, markers that can be effectively and simply held responsible for the intrinsical heterogeneity of LSC is still unclear. In the present study, we examined the frequency of three different LSC subtypes (CD34⁺ CD38^-, CD34⁺ CD38^- CD123⁺ , CD34⁺ CD38^- CD44⁺ ) in AML at diagnosis. We then validated their prognostic significance on the relevance of spectral features for diagnostic stratification, immune status, induction therapy response, treatment effect maintenance, and long-term survival. In our findings, high proportions of the above three different LSC subtypes were all significantly characterized with low complete remission (CR) rate, high relapse/refractory rate, poor overall survival (OS), frequent FLT3-ITD mutation, the high level of regulatory T cells (Treg) and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSC). However, there was no significant statistical difference in all kinds of other clinical performance among the three different LSC groups. It was demonstrated that CD34⁺ CD38^- subpopulation without CD123 and CD44 might be held responsible for LSC and correlated with an imbalance of immune cell subsets in AML.     

大红山Ⅰ号矿带含铜铁矿体资源开采利用探析

为探析大红山Ⅰ号矿带含铜铁矿体资源开采利用，在对该矿体地质特征分析的基础上，结合矿山采选技术参数及经济指标，探索适合矿山生产实际的含铜铁矿体圈定工业指标，在原有地质资料基础上圈定出部分具备回采价值含铜铁矿体，以期实现提高Ⅰ号铁铜矿带含铜铁矿体资源利用率提供参考性的思路和方法的目的     

基于相位补偿的矿井超宽带雷达压缩感知成像算法

基于UWB信号的井下探测成像系统中,根据Nyquist采样定理,提高发射信号的带宽以获取高分辨率,将导致大量的采样数据产生,过大的采样率将会在成像系统的硬件实现上带来很大困难。另一方面,在实际成像过程中,成像数据的完整性决定了最后成像结果的准确性,但由于存在不可避免的误差和噪声影响,以及塌方体阻碍下目标的隐蔽性,这些因素都将使得成像目标的回波数据无法满足成像要求。因此,在对目标回波进行成像处理之前,必须对回波数据进行处理,通过相关算法使回波数据满足理想的成像模型,最后聚焦方位向回波信息得到目标成像结果。为了提高穿透塌方体遮蔽目标成像的分辨率,并解决超宽带信号穿透塌方体成像得到方位向回波数据不足的问题,通过对传统的压缩感知成像算法进行分析介绍,结合井下具体成像环境,提出一种基于相位误差估计的CS成像算法对回波数据进行补偿。该算法的核心思想就是通过对回波数据计算得到相位误差,首先对回波信号的稀疏性进行验证,并构建目标信号的测量矩阵,利用CS成像算法对回波数据重构的同时对数据进行补偿,通过反复迭代误差估计,逐渐提高回波数据量和成像的质量。最后通过不同场景的仿真试验,验证所提算法在回波数据补偿问题上的有效性。     

青海拉脊山地区新发现矿化点地质特征及找矿前景分析

通过对青海拉脊山地区开展1:5万区域地质调查,摸清了该区域地层特征及含矿性情况,以及在本次区域地质调查工作基础上,新发现的矿(化)点9处,主要有成矿潜力点5处,即上龙湾北石墨矿点、来路村北铁矿化点、俄加萤石矿点、松巴铜矿点、上峡铁矿点、红嘴滩泥炭矿点。结合拉脊山一带的区域地质背景,综合研究了该地区成矿地质条件,对该区域的找矿前景进行了分析。     

城市绿色空间的公正性评价——以北京朝阳区为例

随着城市发展向社会化和人本化转变，城市绿色空间公正性的研究逐渐受到重视。试图基于罗尔斯《正义论》的观点和原则，运用公共服务设施的评价方法，构建城市绿色空间公正性的评价框架。以北京市朝阳区为例，从权利自由、机会均等、空间正义、供需均衡4个方面进行公正性评价。研究发现：1）目前存在较大面积的绿色空间服务盲区，未能达到机会均等的底线要求；2）绿色空间资源也未能优先倾向于社会弱势群体，尚未达到有利于最少受惠者的要求；3）总体供需关系较为均衡，但亟须解决局部空间存在的高需求低供给问题。根据评价结果，提出腾退增绿、消除服务盲区，提高出行空间友好性，改善公共交通出行便捷性3条建议，旨在提高绿色空间各层级的公正程度，并为城市绿色空间的相关规划建设提供参考。     

建筑和绿地布局对郑州市住区PM2.5的综合影响

面对当前严峻的全球性空气污染问题,如何改善住区空气质量成为住区规划与设计的重要内容之一.本文以寒冷地区郑州市分散式、片状集中式和带状集中式3类典型绿地布局的住区为研究对象,借助微气候观测,描述住区内PM25时空变化特征.进而采用相关性分析、中介效应分析和回归分析,逐步剖析空间形态参数与住区内PM2.5的关联,探究建筑和绿地布局对PM2.5浓度的综合影响,为住区冬季室外环境空气质量评价与优化提供依据.研究表明:1)建筑视图因子(BVF)、天空开阔度(SVF)与植物视图因子(TVF)对PM2.5浓度影响权重排序:TVF ＞BVF ＞SVF.TVF每增加10％,PM2.5浓度上升约20 μg/m3;2)BVF对PM2.5浓度的直接效应最强;SVF主要以相对湿度间接影响PM2.5浓度;3)分散式绿地布局空气环境均质稳定性最好,带状集中式次之,片状集中式最差.     

矿业废弃地的生态恢复与重建研究

大量的矿产资源开采,对生态破坏、环境污染十分严重,并形成了很多矿业废弃地.本文在国内外矿业废弃地生态恢复现状的基础上,对生态恢复与重建的方法进行了综述,并提出其存在的问题.