Molecular biomarkers: multiple roles in radiotherapy

Preoperative chemoradiation therapy (CRT) is becoming the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. However, individual differences in response to treatment range from a complete response to complete resistance. Predicting the tumor response to radiotherapy may improve the efficacy of radiotherapy. This review mainly summarizes recent studies about the molecular biomarkers that can predict the response to radiotherapy in rectal cancer. These studies have indicated that the molecular markers involved in the response to radiotherapy mainly include genes related to radiosensitivity, cancer stem cell-related markers, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and gene methylation, and other factors including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, anemia, lymphocytes, and signaling pathways. Many of these identified markers are mainly associated with DNA repair, apoptosis, and cell cycle, but some involve unknown cell mechanisms. We speculate that predictors of radiotherapy response may involve combinations of multiple molecular biomarkers that may be useful for the development of individualized therapy for rectal cancer patients.     

同向啮合双螺杆挤出机制备高性能环保再生橡胶及其性能研究

用同向啮合双螺杆挤出机对废旧轮胎全胎胶粉进行剪切脱硫,制备高性能环保再生橡胶,考察挤出工艺、补强树脂和软化剂的种类与用量对再生橡胶性能的影响。结果表明:挤出最佳工艺参数为机筒第1—13区温度为140/140/70/190/130/120/110/110/100/110/100/90/80℃,螺杆转速为140 r·min~(-1);与添加植物系软化剂的再生橡胶相比,添加矿物系软化剂固体无味油的再生橡胶物理性能更好;添加4份古马隆树脂作为补强剂,10份固体无味油作为软化剂,制备的再生橡胶物理性能最好。     

机动小目标的时空联合检测技术

主动声呐信号处理中一般采用匹配滤波和背景均衡等算法检测回波信号,为提高信号的检测性能,还需利用信号与混响和环境噪声在时间、空间上的统计特征差异。文章在对信号的时、空特征算法进行简单描述的基础上,提出了频率能量统计特征和方位能量统计特征,将两种特征检测器的输出进行融合处理构成时、空联合检测器。仿真和试验数据处理结果证明,此方法可有效提高机动小目标在混响及环境噪声中的检测性能。     

AEM对EVA电缆材料性能影响的研究

应用乙烯-丙烯酸酯橡胶(AEM)与乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、氢氧化镁(MH)、氢氧化铝(ATH)以及沉淀法白炭黑(SiO2)进行熔融共混复合,制备出系列EVA基电缆材料。应用扫描电镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、万能试验机和极限氧指数测试仪对EVA材料的结构和性能进行表征和测试。研究结果表明,AEM明显提高了EVA电缆材料的耐油性能,当AEM含量为3. 0%时,电缆材料综合性能优良,其LOI达到39. 3%,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别为11. 6 MPa和142%。     

Finite element modeling of thermo-active diaphragm walls

There are two major challenges faced by modern society: energy security, and lowering carbon dioxide gas emissions. Thermo-active diaphragm walls have a large potential to remedy one of these problems, since they are a renewable energy technology that uses underground infrastructure as a heat exchange medium. However, extensive research is required to determine the effects of cyclic heating and cooling on their geotechnical and structural performance. In this paper, a series of detailed finite element analyses are carried out to capture the fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical response of the ground and diaphragm wall. It is demonstrated that the thermal operation of the diaphragm wall causes changes in soil temperature, thermal expansion/shrinkage of pore water, and total stress applied on the diaphragm wall. These, in turn, cause displacements of the diaphragm wall and variations of the bending moments. However, these effects on the performance of diaphragm wall are not significant. The thermally induced bending strain is mainly governed by the temperature differential and uneven thermal expansion/shrinkage across the wall.     

Targeted editing of intronic-splicing silencer enhancement of SMN2 Exon 7 inclusion by CRISPR/Case 9

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive hereditary neuromuscular disease. Exon 7 and 8 of survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene or only exon 7 homology deletion leads to the failure to produce a full-length SMN gene. The copy number of SMN2 gene with high homology of SMN1 affects the degree of disease and was the target gene for targeting therapy, in which splicing silencer in intron 7 was the key to suppress the inclusion of exon 7. In this study, we projected to use CRISPR/Case 9 for the targeted editing of intronic-splicing silencer (ISS) sequence to promote the inclusion of SMN2 exon 7 and increase the production of SMN2 full-length (FL) gene expression. It happens that there was a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) at one end of the ISS sequence according to the design of sgRNA. The recombinant vector of sgRNA HSMN2 CRISPR/Case 9 was constructed and transfected into HEK293 cells. Sequencing results showed that the ISS sequence could be edited accurately and targeting in the predicted direction, in which deleting small fragments, inserting small amounts and mutation. Quantitative analysis of RT-PCR products by restriction enzyme of DdeI digestion showed that the FL of SMN2 increased by 8% (P < 0.05). In the primary cultured chondrocytes of SMA mice, in which sgRNA HSMN2 CRISPR/Case9 recombinant vector transfection could increase the SMN2 FL gene by 23% (P < 0.05) and significantly improve SMN protein levels (P < 0.05). CRISPR/Case 9 is an effective tool for gene editing and therapy of hereditary diseases, but it is rarely reported in the treatment of SMA diseases. This study shows that CRISPR/Case 9 was first used for the precision target of ISS sequence editing, which can effectively promote the production of SMN2 FL gene expressions, in which there was an important clinical reference value.     

氧化铁硫杆菌的微波诱变及对低品位黄铜矿的生物浸出

研究微波辐照诱变氧化铁硫杆菌T.f菌以及浸出低品位黄铜矿的效果。结果表明,微波辐照能够引起浸矿细菌产生变异,提高菌种的活性。诱变菌比原始菌的活性提高了39.96%。T.f菌经微波处理,浸矿性能有明显提高。与T.f菌相比,诱变后的T.f菌对原生铜矿的浸出率提高了31.44%,对易浸的次生硫化铜矿浸出率从53.66%提高到74.97%,总铜浸出率从32.43%提高到56.58%,浸出终点比原始菌提前了5～10d。诱变后的T.f菌对以黄铜矿为主的多金属铜矿具有较好的浸出效果。     

Study on the rights and interests value of mineral resources and its evaluation method

The rights and interests value of mineral resources includes the prospecting rights value and the mining rights value. The mining rights value is made up of the mineral resources value and the compensation value based on the in puts of capitals and labors indifferent exploration stage, the prospecting rights value should be equal to exploration differential rent of resources. According to the stage characteristic of mineral resources exploration and development, the initial evaluating methods and models are used to evaluate the prospecting rights and mining rights value.     

液压滑阀卡紧现象的成因分析和对策

从零件加工、系统工况等方面分析了发生液压滑阀卡死现象的原因,针对不同成因,提出了行之有效的解决方案。     

台州市绿化存在问题及对策

根据浙江省台州市城市绿化中存在的问题,提出城市绿化应根据自身条件,讲究生态效益,多栽树,栽大苗,少植草,乔灌草结合,注重生态系统的完整性,发展生态园林,改善城市生态环境.