一种独特和可靠的厚/薄铜复合PWB

本文论述一种厚/薄铜复合PWB(及其可靠性),它允许PWB设计者在厚铜和薄铜之间以任何希望的图形进行随意选择,以使电源模块/分配电路可以和精细图形特征一起集成,从而适应离I/O数半导体封装的要求。     

Determination of a new podophyllotoxin derivative, TOP-53, and its metabolite in rat plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of a new podophyllotoxin derivative, TOP-53 (I), and TOP-53 glucuronide (II) as its major metabolite in rat plasma and urine. For the analysis of I, the sample was chromatographed on a reversed-phase C18 column with electrochemical detection after consecutive two-step liquid-liquid extractions. Compound II was determined as I after enzymatic hydrolysis of II. This method was validated sufficiently with respect to specificity, accuracy, and precision. The limits of quantitation for both I and II were 2 ng/ml in plasma and 10 ng/ml in urine. The method is thus useful for the pharmacokinetic study of I.     

Case performed: simultaneous surgery for left coronary ostial stenosis and gastric cancer

This report describes a case in which a 68-year-old male underwent two operations simultaneously for left coronary ostial stenosis and gastric cancer. Successfully performed procedures were a single coronary artery grafting with the saphenous vein to the left anterior descending artery, and a subtotal gastrectomy using the Billroth II method. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged from the hospital in good condition after 42 days. At present, one-year postoperative, the patient has been visiting the outpatient clinic in healthy condition.     

An expert system for XPLE cable deterioration diagnosis and life forecasting

The recent increase in the demand for power in urban areas has caused changes in the way power is supplied. Underground distribution systems have been introduced for convenience in urban areas and to prevent injuries in case of a crisis. As a result, many new types of power cables are being used. One type, XPLE cables (also called CV cables) have been rapidly taking the place of conventional cables such as OF or SL cables since the 1960s because of their relatively easy installation and maintainability. However, distribution cables used under severe environmental conditions deteriorate rapidly (due mainly to water treeing), and some cables experience insulation breakdown. Therefore, many diagnostic methods have been developed, though they have not been very effective. By combining methods, a high reliability can be achieved in comparison to the use of a single method. However, processing the data is difficult for on-site personnel, so many experts are required. But there is a lack of qualified experts, hence we have turned to the development of expert systems.     

Evaluation of Morphology—Stable Critical Size of KNbO3 Crystals

Skeletal form of KnbO3 crystals growing in Li2B4O7 solvent was in-situ observed at 900℃ and it was found that shallow depression started to develop on the surface of KnbO3 crystals when the crystal size exceeded several micron,typically 7 micron.Based on the quantitative criterion derived by Chernov,the estimated critical size of KNbO3 crystals was 1 micron,which was consistent with the experimental measurement.The kinetic coefficients,Kcorner and Kcr,in the criterion were experimentally obtained in the diffusive-convective and diffusive-advective flow states respectively.     

Cytokines affecting survival and differentiation of an astrocyte progenitor cell line

The effects of various cytokines on survival and differentiation of an astrocyte progenitor cell line (AP-16) were examined. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) deprivation caused death of AP-16 cells by apoptosis. Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) prevented the apoptosis occurring in the absence of EGF. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) induced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and decreased A2B5 antigen in AP-16 cells, indicating that these cytokines induced AP-16 cells to differentiate into astrocytes.     

Interconnected power systems with superconducting magnetic energy storage

The objective of this work is to discuss the concept of back‐to‐back interconnection systems with energy storage, especially with a Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) incorporated into a back‐to‐back DC link. In this case, each converter of the back‐to‐back system is used as a power conditioning system for the SMES coils. Since the AC–DC converter can be designed independently of the frequency of the power system, a two‐way switch is connected to the AC side of each converter. This two‐way switch can select the interconnected power systems. By using the two‐way switches, this system can provide the stored energy in the SMES system to each interconnected power system through two AC–DC converters. For instance, lower‐cost power of each power network can be stored through two converters during the off‐peak hours and made available for dispatch to each power network during periods of demand peak. Then this system increases the reliability of electric power networks and enables the economical operations depending on the power demand. This paper describes the unique operations of the back‐to‐back interconnection with SMES and discuses the optimal SMES configuration for a 300‐MW‐class back‐to‐back interconnection. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 164(2): 37–43, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20482     

Analysis of polarization plane rotation characteristic in 2D photonic crystal waveguide with chiral medium by condensed node spatial network

Using the photonic band gap in photonic crystals, the fundamental waveguide structures for the light wavelength range have been developed. Based on the fine structure of these many functional devices have been proposed by analytical or numerical simulation methods and the experiments of trial manufacture. In this paper, the treatment of chiral dielectric in the Condensed Node Spatial Network for the vector potential is explained, and we show the polarization plane rotation property in air‐hole and pillar type photonic crystal waveguide structures with the chiral medium substrate. Then, we show the fundamental advantage of the air‐hole type photonic crystal waveguide structure in application to a mode converter. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 152(1): 7–14, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience. wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20098     

Integrating local action elements for action analysis

In this paper, we propose a framework for human action analysis from video footage. A video action sequence in our perspective is a dynamic structure of sparse local spatial–temporal patches termed action elements, so the problems of action analysis in video are carried out here based on the set of local characteristics as well as global shape of a prescribed action. We first detect a set of action elements that are the most compact entities of an action, then we extend the idea of Implicit Shape Model to space time, in order to properly integrate the spatial and temporal properties of these action elements. In particular, we consider two different recipes to construct action elements: one is to use a Sparse Bayesian Feature Classifier to choose action elements from all detected Spatial Temporal Interest Points, and is termed discriminative action elements. The other one detects affine invariant local features from the holistic Motion History Images, and picks up action elements according to their compactness scores, and is called generative action elements. Action elements detected from either way are then used to construct a voting space based on their local feature representations as well as their global configuration constraints. Our approach is evaluated in the two main contexts of current human action analysis challenges, action retrieval and action classification. Comprehensive experimental results show that our proposed framework marginally outperforms all existing state-of-the-arts techniques on a range of different datasets.     

Slit flow of molten polyethylene filled with plastic flakes

The processability of polyethylene in sheet-extrusion or calendering may be improved by the addition of plastic flakes. The effects of plastic flake parameters and flow conditions on the viscosity and the die swell of the suspension were determined, and the structure in flow (morphology or dispersion state) and applications were discussed. Flakes of biaxially oriented polystyrene, high-impact polystyrene, polypropylene, polyamide or polypropylene spheres were dry-blended with polyethylene. The viscosity was determined by means of a slit or a capillary rheometer. The quenched extrudate was annealed and its die swell was measured. Flakes of biaxially oriented polystyrene shrunk into rod-like form during heating, but other plastics retained the flake-form. The relative viscosity and the swell ratio of the suspensions depended on the type of plastic and operating conditions. The rheological behavior of suspensions qualitatively suggested that polypropylene flakes deformed or crowded (including stacking), polyamide flakes deformed slightly, and polystyrene flakes were difficult to buckle, but crowded slightly. The thickness of extrudates can be controlled easily by flake addition due to decreased die swell, while the output would be reduced to some extent.