Concentration fluctuation caused by reaction-diffusion coupling near catalytic active sites

The coupling of reaction and diffusion between neighboring active sites in the catalyst pore leads to the spatiotemporal fluctuation in component concentration, which is very important to catalyst performance and hence its optimal design. Molecular dynamics simulation with hard-sphere and pseudo-particle modeling has previously revealed the non-stochastic concentration fluctuation of the reactant/product near isolated active site due to such coupling, using a simple model reaction of A → B in 2D pores. The topic is further developed in this work by studying the concentration fluctuation due to such coupling between neighboring active sites in 3D pores. Two 3D pore models containing an isolated active site and two adjacent active sites were constructed, respectively. For the isolated site, the concentration fluctuation intensifies for larger pores, but the product yield decreases, and for a given pore size, the product yield reaches a peak at a certain reactant concentration. For two neighboring sites, their distance (d) is found to have little effect on the reaction, but significant to the diffusion. For the same reaction competing at both sites, larger d leads to more efficient diffusion and better overall performance. However, for sequential reactions at the two sites, higher overall performance presents at a smaller d. The results should be helpful to the catalyst design and reaction control in the relevant processes.     

Cold sintered,temperature-stable CaSnSiO5-K2MoO4 composite microwave ceramics and its prototype microstrip patch antenna

Dense (1-x)wt%CaSnSiO₅-xwt%K₂MoO₄ (CSSO-KMO) composite ceramics were fabricated by the cold sintering process at 180 °C under 400 MPa for 60 min. X-ray diffraction, Energy dispersive X-ray and Raman spectroscopy confirmed that CSSO and KMO coexisted without intermediate phases. As KMO weight fraction increased, relative permittivity (ε_r) and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ_f) decreased and the microwave quality factor (Q×f, where f is resonant frequency) increased. Near-zero τ_f (-0.5 ppm/°C) was obtained for 65 wt%CSSO-35 wt%KMO with ε_r ～ 9.2 and Q×f ～ 6240 GHz. No chemical reaction between ceramic composites and silver was observed, demonstrating potential for cofiring with Ag-paste. A prototype antenna was fabricated from 65 wt%CSSO-35 wt%KMO composite ceramic with a bandwidth of 144 MHz @ -10 dB, a gain of 5.7 dBi and a total efficiency of 88.4 % at 5.2 GHz, suitable for 5 G mobile communication systems.     

Regulatory RNAs: A Universal Language for Inter-Domain Communication

In eukaryotes, microRNAs (miRNAs) have roles in development, homeostasis, disease and the immune response. Recent work has shown that plant and mammalian miRNAs also mediate cross-kingdom and cross-domain communications. However, these studies remain controversial and are lacking critical mechanistic explanations. Bacteria do not produce miRNAs themselves, and therefore it is unclear how these eukaryotic RNA molecules could function in the bacterial recipient. In this review, we compare and contrast the biogenesis and functions of regulatory RNAs in eukaryotes and bacteria. As a result, we discovered several conserved features and homologous components in these distinct pathways. These findings enabled us to propose novel mechanisms to explain how eukaryotic miRNAs could function in bacteria. Further understanding in this area is necessary to validate the findings of existing studies and could facilitate the use of miRNAs as novel tools for the directed remodelling of the human microbiota.     

Image Encryption Application of Chaotic Sequences Incorporating Quantum Keys

Machine Intelligence Research - This paper proposes an image encryption algorithm LQBPNN (logistic quantum and back propagation neural network) based on chaotic sequences incorporating quantum...     

开孔三维编织复合材料的压缩性能

为研究机械开孔对三维编织复合材料压缩性能的影响,测试了2种三维编织复合材料试验件的压缩性能。1种为基本编织(100%编织纱)结构,另1种为含有编织纱/轴向纱(58/42)的结构,试验件编织角约为±12°。根据相关标准要求,分别进行有开孔和无开孔的复合材料试验件准静态压缩试验,并与层合板的压缩性能进行对比。研究结果表明:2种三维编织结构无缺陷材料的压缩强度较为接近,但引入开孔后,无增强纱结构可保留更高比列的压缩强度;引入开孔后,2种三维编织复合材料保留的压缩强度均高于层合板;在失效形式上,2种三维编织复合材料的宏观失效形式较为相似,均为剪切失效,表现出横向断裂且无分层现象。     

锂离子电池凝胶电解质研究进展

锂离子电池（LIB）是日常生活中最常见的便携式储能设备。然而,传统的锂离子电池多使用液态电解质（LE）,存在易泄漏、易燃易爆且有毒等危险,其安全性日益受到关注。与LE相比,凝胶聚合物电解质（GPE）安全性更好且其电化学性能最接近LE,成为近年来电解质方面的研究重点。本文综述了近年来国内外GPE在LIB方面的研究进展,总结了传统聚合物基质采用交联、共聚或共混改性以提高电解质电化学性能及改善安全性方面的研究,并介绍了可再生、可降解的高分子材料在LIB方面的应用,旨在为研究功能性更强的GPE及高性能电极材料的研究提供参考。     

Novel hydrophilic N-halamine polymer with enhanced antibacterial activity synthesized by inverse emulsion polymerization

N-halamine-based antibacterial agents have high efficiency and rechargeable antibacterial properties. However, their applications are limited due to their complex synthetic process and fuzzy antibacterial mechanism. In this study, a novel N-halamine antibacterial polymer was synthesized by inverse emulsion polymerization and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Due to the difficulty of purification, most of the subjects studied previously were hydrophobic polymers, while little research on hydrophilic polymers. In this experiment, this difficulty was overcome by controlling the dosage of sodium hypochlorite and methods of dialysis. Because of the complex cell structure of Gram-negative bacteria, it is difficult for N-halamines to release the oxidizing chlorine into the cell. However, the hydrophilic N-halamines can solve this problem, which showed a stronger antibacterial effect on Gram-negative Escherichia coli synthesized in this study. In addition, the particle size and hydrophilic property of the polymer were changed by changing the amount of initiator, and the differences in their antibacterial properties were studied. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47419.