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1.
In this work, one step process of synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Agnp) embedded in insitu formed calcium alginate (CA) beads is stated. CA, formed from the reaction between sodium alginate and calcium hydroxide, acts as reducing and stabilizing agent as well as support for nanoparticles. The reaction mechanism for the formation and stabilization of Agnp is proposed where the vicinal dihydroxy groups of alginate are assumed to act as the reducing agent for Ag+ to Ag°. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV‐vis spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) were used to characterize the Agnp. The formation of spherical nanoparticles with average size range of 4‐5 nm was confirmed by TEM. Catalytic activity of this nano silver‐calcium alginate (Agnp‐CA) composite was evaluated in the reduction of p‐nitrophenol. Concentrations of sodium alginate, calcium hydroxide, and AgNO3 are found to be the parameters that critically affect the synthesis of Agnp. The efficacy of the catalyst is expressed on the basis of suitable reaction parameters. Both pseudo‐homogeneous and heterogeneous kinetic models are proposed for the reaction to find the best model and the Eley‐Riedel model is found to fit well with the experimental data. The novelty of this work is that the tandem process of CA bead formation, Agnp formation, and Agnp entrapment in CA have been transformed into a single‐step process. Moreover, elaborations of each step of the ionic mechanisms of Agnp formation and p‐NP reduction with Agnp and the establishment of a heterogeneous kinetic model for the reaction are reported for the first time here.  相似文献   
2.
Multilayer solar selective absorber coatings have been developed in the last few decades. The thermal stability in terms of microstructure gives an insightful understanding of the optical properties of such coatings. In this context, we extensively utilized transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis to establish the thermal stability of TiB2/Ti(B,N)/SiON/SiO2 coating, under thermal cycling/continuous heating to 500°C in vacuum for 250 h. In particular, this work reports the variation in the solar absorptance of TiB2/Ti(B,N)/SiON/SiO2 coating with different angles of incidence of the solar radiation. Extensive analysis using the TEM technique reveals the presence of oxide interlayers that act as diffusion barrier layers to enhance the thermal stability of the coating. Computational simulation using SCOUT software validates the measured reflectance spectrum of the developed multilayer coating. The minor changes in absorptance and emissivity after heat treatment in vacuum at 500°C, together with high solar absorptance over a broad angular variation, establish the potential application of TiB2/Ti(B,N)/SiON/SiO2 as a selective coating in concentrated solar power systems.  相似文献   
3.
Numerous brain diseases are associated with abnormalities in morphology and density of dendritic spines, small membranous protrusions whose structural geometry correlates with the strength of synaptic connections. Thus, the quantitative analysis of dendritic spines remodeling in microscopic images is one of the key elements towards understanding mechanisms of structural neuronal plasticity and bases of brain pathology. In the following article, we review experimental approaches designed to assess quantitative features of dendritic spines under physiological stimuli and in pathological conditions. We compare various methodological pipelines of biological models, sample preparation, data analysis, image acquisition, sample size, and statistical analysis. The methodology and results of relevant experiments are systematically summarized in a tabular form. In particular, we focus on quantitative data regarding the number of animals, cells, dendritic spines, types of studied parameters, size of observed changes, and their statistical significance.  相似文献   
4.
This paper is a generalization of the recently developed techniques of initial excitation (IE)–based adaptive control with an introduction to the definition of semi‐initial excitation (semi‐IE), a still more relaxed notion than IE. Classical adaptive controllers typically ensure Lyapunov stability of the extended error dynamics (tracking error + parameter estimation error) and asymptotic tracking, while requiring a stringent condition of persistence of excitation (PE) for parameter convergence. Of late, the authors have proposed a new adaptive control architecture, which guarantees parameter convergence under the online‐verifiable IE condition leading to exponential stability of the extended error dynamics. In earlier works, it has been established that the IE condition is significantly milder than the classical PE condition. The current work further slackens the excitation condition by proposing the concept of semi‐IE. The proposed adaptive controller is proved to ensure convergence of the parameter estimation error to a lower‐dimensional manifold under the weaker semi‐IE condition, while the stronger condition of IE guarantees convergence of the parameter estimation error to zero. The designed algorithm is shown to improve transient response of tracking error sufficiently in contrast to conventional adaptive controllers.  相似文献   
5.
以氧化石墨烯(GO)为基底,利用离子交换法制备了球形和立方体表面结构的Ag3PO4/GO复合光催化剂。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对样品进行了表征。罗丹明B的光催化降解实验结果表明:Ag3PO4/GO催化剂在100 min内对20 mg/L罗丹明B的去除率可达98.5%,明显高于球形Ag3PO4 (83.8%)及立方形Ag3PO4 (88.1%)。另外,Ag3PO4/GO复合材料在光催化降解重复性实验中表现出良好的稳定性,循环五次后对罗丹明B的去除率仍可达95%以上。  相似文献   
6.
In this study, we have proposed an automated classification approach to identify meaningful patterns in wind field data. Utilizing an extensive simulated wind database, we have demonstrated that the proposed approach can identify low‐level jets, near‐uniform profiles, and other patterns in a reliable manner. We have studied the dependence of these wind profile patterns on locations (eg, offshore vs onshore), seasons, and diurnal cycles. Furthermore, we have found that the probability distributions of some of the patterns depend on the underlying planetary boundary layer schemes in a significant way. The future potential of the proposed approach in wind resource assessment and, more generally, in mesoscale model parameterization improvement is touched upon in this paper.  相似文献   
7.
In this study, we aimed at fabricating decellularized bovine myocardial extracellular matrix-based films (dMEbF) for cardiac tissue engineering (CTE). The decellularization process was carried out utilizing four consecutive stages including hypotonic treatment, detergent treatment, enzymatic digestion and decontamination, respectively. In order to fabricate the dMEbF, dBM were digested with pepsin and gelation process was conducted. dMEbF were then crosslinked with N-hydroxysuccinimide/1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (NHS/EDC) to increase their durability. Nuclear contents of native BM and decellularized BM (dBM) tissues were determined with DNA content analysis and agarose-gel electrophoresis. Cell viability on dMEbF for 3rd, 7th, and 14th days was assessed by MTT assay. Cell attachment on dMEbF was also studied by scanning electron microscopy. Trans-differentiation capacity of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) into cardiomyocyte-like cells on dMEbF were also evaluated by histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses. DNA contents for native and dBM were, respectively, found as 886.11?±?164.85 and 47.66?±?0.09?ng/mg dry weight, indicating a successful decellularization process. The results of glycosaminoglycan and hydroxyproline assay, and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), performed in order to characterize the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition of native and dBM tissue, showed that the BM matrix was not damaged during the proposed method. Lastly, regarding the histological study, dMEbF not only mimics native ECM, but also induces the stem cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells phenotype which brings it the potential of use in CTE.  相似文献   
8.
9.
To solve test challenges in nanometer CMOS technologies, a time-domain digital-intensive built-in tester for analog circuits is proposed. The compact tester allows characterizations of AC response and DC gain for various analog circuits which have a low-pass frequency characteristic. By applying ramp signals to stimulate the circuit under test and measuring slopes and time delays of its responses, the testing can be simple and robust over process-voltage-temperature variations. Also, it is well suited for nanometer technologies because of its digital-intensive implementation. The tester was fabricated in 65 nm standard CMOS process and occupies 0.026 mm2.  相似文献   
10.
A circular polarizer based on bi-layer split ring structure is proposed that could achieve asymmetric fission transmission of linearly polarized wave at the dual band. Firstly, a new approach of “Fission Transmission of Electromagnetic (FTEM) waves” is introduced to understand the polarization transformation behavior for linear-to-circular polarization. The designed structure achieves broadband circularly polarized wave with an asymmetric transmission over resonance frequencies by the principle of FTEM wave. The electronics circuit of proposed structure demonstrates the transformation behavior of EM waves when the electric and magnetic coupling between the upper and lower patterned SRR is reached at the certain strength. The physics of the giant circular dichroism effect and optical activity is illustrated by the surface currents distribution on the structure. The proposed structure achieves a right-handed circularly polarized wave and left hand circularly polarized wave with high transmission at 13.94–15.70 GHz and at 16.0–17.03 GHz, respectively. The axial ratio bandwidth of 11.76 and 6.86% is obtained at the dual band. The simulated and measured results exhibit good correspondence.  相似文献   
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