基于多元分类判别方法对普洱生茶进行产地溯源研究

目的 探究多元分类判别方法对普洱茶产地溯源的有效性与可行性。方法 基于云南5个产地的60份普洱茶生茶样本,利用5种有机成分以及36种矿物元素的含量,结合主成分分析、判别分析和多层感知器分析等多元分类方法构建普洱茶产地溯源模型。结果 普洱茶(生茶)中总计33项指标具有与产地的显著相关性。不同产地的普洱茶样本在主成分上有差异,但分类的准确性较低。通过判别分析得到了普洱茶产地溯源的判别函数和组质心函数,该样本溯源正确率高于98%。通过多层感知器分析,该方法的分类正确率最高,生茶样本的训练集和测试集分类正确率分别为100.0%和95.5%。结论 普洱茶中有机成分与矿物元素受环境因素影响,在各自产地间形成各自的指纹特征,多维组合可用于建立普洱茶产地溯源模型,为普洱茶产地追溯提供一定的方法支持。     

Efficient biohydrogen and bioelectricity production from xylose by microbial fuel cell with newly isolated yeast of Cystobasidium slooffiae

Although xylose is the secondary dominant sugar derived from biomass, the conversion of xylose to energy products is quite challenging. In this work, a new exoelectrogenic yeast strain (Cystobasidium slooffiae strain JSUX1) that can generate electricity in microbial fuel cell (MFC) by using xylose as the substrate was isolated and identified. After adaptation, it produced significant current output with rapid xylose metabolism. More surprisingly, this strain produced hydrogen gas either in anerobic flask incubation or in MFC, which delivered a 67 mW/m² power output and 23 L/m³ hydrogen gas in MFC with xylose as fuel. Further electrochemical analysis indicated that riboflavin was secreted by this strain as the electron mediator for efficient electron transfer between cells and electrode in MFC. This is the first microorganism identified that can simultaneously produce bio-hydrogen and bio-electricity from xylose, which would diversify the toolbox of biomass energy.     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定馥郁香型白酒中的挥发性香气成分

目的建立顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱法(head space-solid phase microextraction,HS-SPME)测定白酒中风味物质的分析方法。方法以馥郁香型白酒为主要研究对象,采用固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)分析馥郁香型白酒中的风味成分,确定萃取头种类,利用正交试验对萃取时间、萃取温度、解析时间、解析温度进行优化。结果馥郁香型白酒风味物质的顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱法最佳条件为:选用50/30μm DVB/CAR/PDMS Stableflex(grey)固相微萃取头,稀释倍数1:2(V:V),加入2 g氯化钠,萃取时间40 min、萃取温度为75℃、解析时间5 min、解析温度290℃。对馥郁香型白酒的风味物质分析得到74种成分,分别为酯类50种、醇类8种、酸类6种、酮类3种、酚类2种、醛类2种、含硫含氮化合物3种。方法相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为2.9%~15.7%。利用优化条件对酱香型、浓香型、清香型白酒进行分析,分别得到64种、52种和44种香气成分。有29种香气成分为馥郁香型白酒特有。馥郁香型白酒与酱香型、浓香型、清香型白酒香气成分在含量上不同,馥郁香型白酒中己酸乙酯、己酸己酯含量明显高于酱香型白酒、浓香型白酒和清香型白酒。结论本研究建立的方法快速、简单,可用于白酒风味物质的检测。     

《铸造机械化》多媒体CAI课件的研制与应用

利用Animator Pro动画软件以及多媒体编辑软件开发出<铸造机械化>CAI课件,介绍了课件的开发过程及应用效果,教学实践表明,该课件界面友好,操作简单,解决了教学中的难题--"形象化"教学的问题.     

A GPU-Accelerated In-Memory Metadata Management Scheme for Large-Scale Parallel File Systems

Driven by the increasing requirements of high-performance computing applications,supercomputers are prone to containing more and more computing nodes.Applications running on such a large-scale computing system are likely to spawn millions of parallel processes,which usually generate a burst of I/O requests,introducing a great challenge into the metadata management of underlying parallel file systems.The traditional method used to overcome such a challenge is adopting multiple metadata servers in the scale-out manner,which will inevitably confront with serious network and consistence problems.This work instead pursues to enhance the metadata performance in the scale-up manner.Specifically,we propose to improve the performance of each individual metadata server by employing GPU to handle metadata requests in parallel.Our proposal designs a novel metadata server architecture,which employs CPU to interact with file system clients,while offloading the computing tasks about metadata into GPU.To take full advantages of the parallelism existing in GPU,we redesign the in-memory data structure for the name space of file systems.The new data structure can perfectly fit to the memory architecture of GPU,and thus helps to exploit the large number of parallel threads within GPU to serve the bursty metadata requests concurrently.We implement a prototype based on BeeGFS and conduct extensive experiments to evaluate our proposal,and the experimental results demonstrate that our GPU-based solution outperforms the CPU-based scheme by more than 50％under typical metadata operations.The superiority is strengthened further on high concurrent scenarios,e.g.,the high-performance computing systems supporting millions of parallel threads.     

基于Image-ProPlus环境的数字心电图波形测量处理

介绍了在Image-Pro Plus环境中测量数字心电图机波形数据的方法。将波形图纸数字化,再测量其波形的幅度、频率等参数。应用实践表明,该方法简便有效。     

基于用户满意度的图标动态形式设计

为了增加用户对人机界面图标的可理解性,提高用户认知效率,提出一种基于用户满意度的图标动态形式评价方法.利用速率、方向、范围、路径分别定义图标旋转、左右、上下平移、缩放4种基本动态形式;采用阈限测量法获得图标动作时间的上阈、舒适值、下阈,通过线性回归建立图标动作时间与图标动作幅度间映射关系;通过Likert量表进行动态图标范围适合度调查;结合方差分析和最小显著性差异实验,分析图标动作时间和图标动作幅度对用户偏好满意度、认知负荷的影响,并用于指导动态图标设计.实验结果表明在4种基本动态形式下,移动端的动态图标最佳动作时间在450 ms左右;动作时间与动作幅度为正相关,设备尺寸、图标复杂度对动作时间的设定有决定性的影响;动作幅度的设定与设备尺寸相关.为人机界面中动态图标设计提供了一种动态图标量化分析模型,以便为人机界面的动态图标设计提供一定的理论参考.     

基于人工智能的自然环境

设计了一套能实时模拟控制大自然温度、湿度、光照度以及气体浓度比例等多参量的测控系统,通过该系统的自动调节作用,在温室中应用于农作物的生长过程,为实现人工大自然环境模拟、控制的可行性提供了理论依据。     

Window Detection in Facades Using Heatmap Fusion

Journal of Computer Science and Technology - Window detection is a key component in many graphics and vision applications related to 3D city modeling and scene visualization. We present a novel...     

草图交互式地质建模研究

提出一种简单、快捷的草图交互式地质建模方法,旨在帮助地质学家们在地质勘测初期直观、快速地创建无数据地质概念模型.迄今,现存专业地质建模工具依赖成本较高的真实数据创建精细复杂的三维地质模型,且通常具有建模用时长、不易于学习和使用等缺陷.因此,采用直观的“纸-笔”建模隐喻,提供了一套从草图绘制到三维模型创建,再到三维模型编辑的完整建模流程,允许用户在自由定义的绘图平面上绘制描述模型地质特征的三维草图,并对其构成的连通草图网络实时地进行三维模型重建.模型重建使用分治的思想,大致分为3个步骤完成：首先利用三维草图的几何信息,即拐点,根据其拓扑连接搜寻草图网络中近似平面的能量最小圈,然后通过调和函数计算草图网络中每个圈包围区域的目标平均曲率标量及其法线方向,随后以Laplacian方程优化生成曲面片,最后将曲面片拼接成完整的三维模型.褶皱、断层地质现象可以分别通过重绘和切割操作进行建模.此外,利用层级结构树存储地质模型间的层级关系,并通过变形传递的方式对与形变物体接触的地质模型进行形变,从而保持了地质结构中多物质体相互接触的特性.相比现有基于草图的交互式建模工具,该方法融合了地质学知识,且能够更有效地使用少量草图描述地质物体的特征.基于用户体验调查,该方法具有操作简单、建模直观的特点,能够同时满足专业和非专业人士快速创建地质概念模型的需求.