微量钛对离子渗氮渗层特性及性能的影响

为调控离子渗氮渗层特性,获得少脆性化合物层、厚韧性扩散层的渗氮层,提高离子渗氮渗层抗冲击性和重载下的耐磨性,对 42CrMo 钢进行了添加微量钛的创新离子渗氮处理。 利用光学显微镜、SEM、XRD 和显微硬度计对渗层的截面显微组织、表面形貌和成分、物相和截面硬度进行了测试和分析。 结果表明:添加微量钛离子渗氮可显著改善渗层特性,获得少化合物层的高硬高韧渗氮层,同时显著提高离子渗氮效率。 在 540 ℃ ×4 h 工艺条件下,添加微量钛可使离子渗氮有效硬化层厚度显著增加,由常规离子渗氮的 225 μm 增加到 380 μm,即渗氮效率提高近 70%;有效硬化层厚度提高的情况下,化合物层厚度反而减薄,由常规离子渗氮的 19 μm 降低到 10 μm,即化合物层厚度降低了约 50%;渗层中化合物层与有效硬化层之比值由常规离子渗氮的 8. 5%降低到 2. 6%。 同时添加微量钛离子渗氮渗层中形成了高硬度强化相 TiN,使渗层表面硬度由 703 HV0. 05 提高至 895 HV0. 05 。 添加微量钛离子渗氮获得了薄化合物层、高硬高韧、厚有效硬化层的优良渗氮层特性,该渗层特性对改善离子渗氮零部件抗冲击性和重载下的耐磨性具有重要研究和应用价值。     

航天企业对项目绩效考核的实践与思考

本文在研究国内航天企业项目管理的基础上,结合中国空间技术研究院的实际情况,给出了对航天企业项目绩效考核的案例,论述了航天企业考核体系的设计、考核实践存在的问题和考核体系改进完善的思路.     

Achievable working range for solid all-desiccant air-conditioning systems under specific space comfort requirements

Solid desiccant air-conditioning systems present a promising solution, in terms of performance level and environmental protection, pointing out their potential to be coupled with thermal solar or waste heat energy source. Nevertheless, these systems are characterized by constraints to the load they can satisfy, through the trade-off between the dehumidification cooling capacity and the latent load of the conditioned space. On that level, one has to note that, for steady environmental conditions, the conditioned space does not present unique value of load, but range of load, corresponding to an array of acceptable temperature and (usually relative) humidity values. In this work a methodology is proposed for the definition of the system's achievable working range under specific set of space (comfort) requirements. Through this approach, the systems present greater potential for covering the space requirements, thus presenting more possibilities on a design basis, and more flexible control strategies, as well. The proposed methodology is presented and discussed through the case study of a solar desiccant air-conditioning system coupled to a typical residential building.     

江苏灌河大桥设计

灌河大桥是连云港至盐城高速公路上的一座特大桥梁，大桥位于盐城境内，跨越灌河。主桥为双索面半漂浮五跨连续钢与混凝土组合梁斜拉桥，主跨340m，主梁采用双边肋，索塔为H形，采用平行钢绞线拉索，拉索在主梁和塔上的锚固分别采用锚拉板和钢锚梁。本桥为国内目前最宽的组合梁斜拉桥。