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In this study, sugarcane bagasse (2 mm) was pretreated with 2.5% NaOH followed by steaming at 121°C for various time periods. Maximum cellulose content of 81% and delignification of 68.5% were achieved by soaking bagasse in 2.5% NaOH with a residence time of 1 h at room temperature followed by steaming at 121°C for 30 min residence time. The pretreated substrate was analyzed by SEM and FTIR to study the structural modification and functional group of the untreated and pretreated substrates. The pretreated substrate was saccharified by commercial cellulase enzyme depicting 106 µm mesh size of substrate yields maximum saccharification rate. The saccharified material was fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis in mono- and co-culture modes. Maximum product yield (Yp/s) was observed by monoculture using Saccharomyces cerevisiae after 96 h of fermentation period.  相似文献   
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Water separated from crude oil and wastewater discharge from petroleum oil refineries contains significant quantity of dissolved hydrocarbons. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are major toxicants in wastewater of refineries. It is difficult to treat wastewater containing PAHs due to their recalcitrant property and low solubility. Conventional techniques for the treatment of wastewater are still a concern of toxicity. Electrochemical oxidation process has been found to be a favorable for treating wastewater. Electrodes with high stability and electrocatalytic activity are important factors for a successful electrochemical oxidation of toxic organics in wastewater. In this study titanium anodes were coated with tin, antimony and iridium oxide mixture from their respective salts by thermal decomposition method. FESEM and XRD used for surface characterization of Ti/SnO2–Sb2O5–IrO2 anode. Quantification of PAHs was done using GC–MS. Results confirm the presence of respective oxides on anode surface. Their electrocatalytic capability was tested for degradation of 16 priority PAHs in aqueous solution. Results reveal the complete degradation of naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene and fluorene without using NaCl electrolyte. While in the presence of NaCl naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene were completely removed. About 98% of total PAHs removal was found at all initial pH values 3, 6, and 9 in the presence of electrolyte. Current study will be helpful in improving quality of petroleum industry wastewater containing PAHs.  相似文献   
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Cheddar cheese is a biochemically dynamic product that undergoes significant changes during ripening. Freshly made curds of various cheese varieties have bland and largely similar flavors and aroma and, during ripening, flavoring compounds are produced that are characteristic of each variety. The biochemical changes occurring during ripening are grouped into primary events including glycolysis, lipolysis, and proteolysis followed by secondary biochemical changes such as metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids which are important for the production of secondary metabolites, including a number of compounds necessary for flavor development. A key feature of cheese manufacture is the metabolism of lactose to lactate by selected cultures of lactic acid bacteria. The rate and extent of acidification influence the initial texture of the curd by controlling the rate of demineralization. The degree of lipolysis in cheese depends on the variety of cheese and may vary from slight to extensive; however, proteolysis is the most complex of the primary events during cheese ripening, especially in Cheddar-type cheese.  相似文献   
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Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is well known for its valuable locust bean gum obtained from the carob seeds. Separation of seeds from the pod leaves behind the carob kibble which is a good source of dietary fiber, sugars, and a range of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and pinitol. Bioactive compounds present in carob kibble have been found to be beneficial in the control of many health problems such as diabetes, heart diseases, and colon cancer due to their antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti‐inflammatory activities. Carob kibble has substantial potential to be used as a food ingredient. This article focuses on the composition, health benefits, and food applications of carob kibble.  相似文献   
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abstract This study deals with the enhanced solubilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as phenan-threne (PHE) and fluorene (FLR) in a pure cationic gemini (G6) and three conventiona...  相似文献   
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Lupin is a nonstarchy grain legume with high protein, dietary fibre and low fat contents. The industrial shift of lupin seed utilisation from feed to food has recently increased the scientific interest to explore its phytochemical composition and biological activities. Lupin seeds contain significant amounts of polyphenols, carotenoids, phytosterols, tocopherols, alkaloids and peptides with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic and anti‐inflammatory activities. Among polyphenols, genistein and their derivatives (isoflavones) are of great importance because of their phytoestrogenic potential. This comprehensive review will help out the readers in understanding the phytochemicals present in lupin and their benefits.  相似文献   
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