高熵形状记忆合金的研究进展

高熵形状记忆合金是在等原子比NiTi合金的基础上,结合高熵合金的概念,逐渐发展起来的一种新型高温形状记忆合金。近年来,已开发出了综合性能优异的(TiZrHf)50(NiCoCu)50系和(TiZrHf)50(NiCuPd)50系高熵形状记忆合金,引起了广泛的关注和研究兴趣。本文从物相组成、微观组织、马氏体相变行为、形状记忆效应和超弹性等角度出发,综述了高熵形状记忆合金的研究进展,并对高熵形状记忆合金未来的研究重点进行了展望。     

稳定同位素技术在禽类及其制品溯源领域的研究进展

本文基于国内外禽类及其制品溯源的研究成果，针对市场上出现的禽类及其制品的产地和饲养方式造假（如普通鸡蛋冒充地理标志鸡蛋、自由散养鸡蛋、有机鸡蛋等）、禽类饲料成分掺假（如非法添加动物副产品、色素等）等问题，梳理了稳定同位素技术在禽类及其制品可追溯性的应用进展，在此基础上提出禽类及其制品溯源的现存问题和发展方向，以期为稳定同位素技术在禽类及其制品质量安全领域的深入研究及食品溯源体系完善提供参考。     

就诊等待服务APP适老化设计研究

目的 将数字化服务融入老年患者就诊流程，建立适老化就诊等待服务系统，在APP开发设计研究中实现软件流程优化。方法 依据ERG理论对老年患者在就诊等待过程中的需求点进行分类整理和层次划分。调研目标用户将分析结果融入服务设计理论，为指导软件开发所涉及的医院就诊流程、用户需求痛点，提出系统性的解决策略。基于交互设计原则展开APP界面设计。结论 构建了以老年患者为中心的就诊等待服务系统，帮助提升其等待过程中的自我效能。完善了基于产品使用方式层级的适老化就诊等待服务APP设计策略，为适老化、数字化产品研发提供了新思路;最终产出APP设计实例，提高了老年群体社会参与度，鼓励老年患者自主就诊，帮助其更加轻松地享受信息化时代带来的红利。     

Upgrading of low-grade manganese ore based on reduction roasting and magnetic separation technique

The selective reduction of low-grade manganese ore followed by magnetic separation was proposed to produce rich-manganese ore. The optimized parameters include a roasting temperature of 1050°C, a roasting time of 6 h, a manganese ore size of 8–13 mm, and an FC/O ratio of 2.5. The reduction roasting products of low-grade manganese ore, mainly comprising of MnO, metallic iron, and residual gangue, could be separated effectively to obtain rich-manganese ore and magnetic product. The RMn, RFe, and TMn can reach the peak values of 71.00%, 93.60%, and 56.20wt%, respectively, at a rational magnetic field strength of 100 mT. In particular, the Mn/Fe ratio is up to 10.85, which meets the requirements of ferromanganese alloy smelting.     

大面积发散太阳模拟器均匀照明方法研究

为实现太阳模拟器的大辐照面积均匀照明，研究了大面积发散太阳模拟器光学系统的设计与仿真。分析了复眼透镜阵列组与发散投影系统工作原理及旁瓣效应产生机理；基于嵌套建模思想，结合多项式拟合方法，得出了氙灯轴上强度分布曲线，并根据氙灯发光能量对称性质，实现了氙灯空间光强分布模拟；结合提出的光学系统设计边界条件与参数，设计了光束整形系统、复眼透镜阵列组和发散投影系统。实验结果表明：当工作距离为20000mm，辐照面直径1500mm范围内，辐照均匀度为92.8%，满足了大面积发散太阳模拟器均匀照明的使用需求。     

Mechanical and antibacterial properties of oriented poly(lactic acid)

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a kind of biodegradable polymer that has applications in a wide range of biomedical fields and food‐contact packaging. However, the mechanical disadvantage limits the application of PLA‐based material. The present study modified the pure PLA by orientation and investigated its mechanical and antibacterial properties. The crystallinity and the tensile strength were both drawing ratio dependent. They increased along with the draw ratio to a maximum value of 600% and then decreased. The antibacterial effect of PLA against Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio paraemolyicus both first increased and then decreased along with the drawing ratio, reaching their highest effect at the drawing ratio of 600%. The inhibition effect of PLA reduced generally with the aging days. According to SEM images, the grape‐like clusters structure of S. aureus was hardly observed and the cell structure damaged on the surface of PLA‐600%, while significant changes of the morphology of V. paraemolyicus were not observed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:2121–2127, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Chemistry and Toxicology of Major Bioactive Substances in Inocybe Mushrooms

Mushroom poisoning has always been a threat to human health. There are a large number of reports about ingestion of poisonous mushrooms every year around the world. It attracts the attention of researchers, especially in the aspects of toxin composition, toxic mechanism and toxin application in poisonous mushroom. Inocybe is a large genus of mushrooms and contains toxic substances including muscarine, psilocybin, psilocin, aeruginascin, lectins and baeocystin. In order to prevent and remedy mushroom poisoning, it is significant to clarify the toxic effects and mechanisms of these bioactive substances. In this review article, we summarize the chemistry, most known toxic effects and mechanisms of major toxic substances in Inocybe mushrooms, especially muscarine, psilocybin and psilocin. Their available toxicity data (different species, different administration routes) published formerly are also summarized. In addition, the treatment and medical application of these toxic substances in Inocybe mushrooms are also discussed. We hope that this review will help understanding of the chemistry and toxicology of Inocybe mushrooms as well as the potential clinical application of its bioactive substances to benefit human beings.     

Prediction the variation range of wax deposition with temperature of crude oil in a flow loop

Wax deposition under different temperature conditions was investigated in a flow loop, using a local crude oil with a wax content of 22.5%. The results revealed that the wax deposition increases with increasing coolant temperature. However, the amount of deposit increased initially with increasing oil temperature and then decreased. Based on these results, the corresponding temperature ranges were divided into three ranges: hot flow, sensitive precipitation of wax crystal, and cold flow. Based on diffusion mass, a method and steps for determining the temperature dependence of wax deposition were proposed.