A_1-A_2-O-M工艺处理焦化废水的实验研究

采用厌氧-缺氧-好氧-复合(A1-A2-O-M)工艺处理焦化废水,考察了外加碳源和碱源对焦化废水COD和NH4+-N脱除效果的影响。试验结果表明:外加甲醇和碳酸氢钠对焦化废水的硝化和反硝化效果影响很小;不外加碳源和碱源时,焦化废水经处理后出水的COD和NH4+-N平均质量浓度分别为125.0mg/L和1.12mg/L,分别达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中的二级标准和一级标准。     

Adsorption behavior of activated carbon derived from pyrolusite-modified sewage sludge: equilibrium modeling, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

Activated carbon was developed from sewage sludge using pyrolusite as an additive. It was demonstrated that the removal efficiency of two synthetic dyes (Tracid orange GS and Direct fast turquoise blue GL) by the produced adsorbent was up to 97.6%. The activated carbon with pyrolusite addition had 38.2% higher surface area, 43.8% larger micropore and 54.4% larger mesopore production than ordinary sludge-based activated carbons. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms and kinetics were also investigated based on dyes adsorption tests. The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich models of adsorption, and the results fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm. The kinetic data have been analyzed using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equation. The experimental data fitted very well with pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Activation energies for the adsorption processes ranged between 8.7 and 19.1 kJ mol 1. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard free energy (deltaG0), standard enthalpy (deltaH0) and standard entropy (deltaS0) were evaluated. The adsorption of these two dyes on the activated carbon was found to be a spontaneous and endothermic process in nature.     

利用反馈的车牌字符分割算法

字符分割是车牌识别系统的重要步骤。提出一种利用反馈的车牌字符分割算法。首先,对车牌图像进行预处理;其次,根据车牌图像的垂直投影进行字符粗分割;最后,通过两级反馈进行字符精分割。第一级反馈是字符个数与字符宽度反馈,第二级反馈是字符识别反馈。实验结果表明,算法对光照不均、对比度较小、倾斜、污迹、字符粘连和断裂等严重退化的车牌图像具有很好的字符分割性能。     

基于形态学微分的车牌字符分割算法

提出了基于形态学微分的车牌字符分割算法。首先运用形态学微分算法获取车的边界,然后通过巧妙选择连通区域进行深度搜索即可直接获得车牌每个字符的矩形区域。本方法省去了一般车牌识别中的车牌定位部分,对有一定倾角的车牌也有一定的适应能力。     

网格技术在药物研发领域的应用

讨论了网格技术在药物研发领域的应用，药物研发不仅需要大量的计算资源，还需要一个信息交互集成的环境，使得研发过程各个方面的人员都能参与进来。介绍了药物研发的特征，着重分析了在网格环境下药物研发的操作模型，设计了网格的分层架构，并讨论了药物研发网格的实现，最后，通过在该网格环境下和传统的集群环境下进行的一组对比实验，对该网格平台进行了测试和分析。     

基于数据模拟和HMM自适应的电话语音识别研究

该文研究了基于数据模拟方法和HMM(隐马尔科夫模型)自适应的电话信道条件下语音识别问题。模拟数据模仿了纯净语音在不同电话信道条件下的语音行为。各基线系统的HMM模型分别由纯净语音和模拟语音训练而成。语音识别实验评估了各基线系统HMM模型在采用MLLR算法(最大似然线性回归)做无监督式自适应前后的识别性能。实验证明,由纯净语音转换生成的模拟语音有效地减小了训练语音和测试语音声学性质的不匹配,很大程度上提高了电话语音识别率。基线模型的自适应结果显示模拟数据的自适应性能比纯净语音自适应的性能最大提高达到9.8%,表明了电话语音识别性能的进一步改善和系统稳健性的提高。     

吴起长8储层粘土矿物及敏感性实验研究

运用实验方法评价鄂尔多斯盆地中部吴起地区长8超低渗透砂岩储层的粘土矿物组成及对应的潜在储层伤害机理。采用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X射线衍射等岩心分析技术,掌握了粘土的成分、含量等特征;通过25块岩心的流动评价实验,评价5口油井的储层敏感性特征;运用相关性评价方法,分析粘土矿物对储层物性和敏感性的影响。研究结果表明,吴起长8储层存在的4种主要粘土矿物中,伊/蒙混层含量最高,平均为47%;高岭石、伊利石和绿泥石其次,平均含量分别为24.6%、14.6%和13.8%;粘土矿物的类型、含量和产状对储层物性有重要影响,储层物性与绿泥石含量呈正相关,与伊利石、伊/蒙混层含量呈负相关;由于每种粘土的形态、性质、含量的差异,造成吴起长8储层的弱-中等偏弱速敏、中等偏强-强水敏、强-极强盐敏、弱-中等偏弱酸敏、弱-中等偏弱碱敏的趋势。     

Thermodynamic and experimental aspects on chemical looping reforming of ethanol for hydrogen production using a Cu‐based oxygen carrier

An investigation on the chemical looping reforming of ethanol process using Gibbs free energy minimization method was performed. It is found that the temperature, oxygen/ethanol molar ratio (OER), and pressure have pronounced influences on the product yields in chemical looping reforming of ethanol process. The ethanol conversion and H₂ yield are 100% and 2.25 mol mol^?1 ethanol, respectively, at 700 °C, OER of 1 and 1 atm. The higher temperatures promote H₂ and CO production, but the higher pressures and OERs have negative effect on the H₂ and CO generation. Favorable operation conditions are 1 atm, 700 °C, and OER = 1. The experimental tests were carried out in a fixed bed using a Cu‐based oxygen carrier prepared by impregnation method. Working at 1 atm, the H₂ concentration increased with an increase in temperature; however, it remained approximately with an increase in gas hourly space velocity. The H₂/CO molar ratio was between 3 and 5 in the period of 0–30 min at 1 atm and 700 °C. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

脉冲功率电容器用PbLa(ZrTi)O_3陶瓷性能研究

采用固相反应法制备了Pb0.96La0.06(Zr1-xTix)O3陶瓷,研究了Ti含量对所制陶瓷的电性能和储能特性的影响。结果表明,PbLa(ZrTi)O3陶瓷介电常数与电场强度呈非线性变化关系。当Ti含量x为0.08时,所测电滞回线细长狭窄,并呈下凹趋势,此时极化强度为22.18×10–6 C/cm2,储能密度为1.06 J/cm3。通过流延法制备的脉冲功率电容器击穿电压可大幅度提升,储能密度达1.95 J/cm3,具有高能量转换效率。     

二氧化碳膜分离技术

分离CO2是当前能源和环境领域最重要的课题之一,与传统方法相比,膜分离法由于具有投资少、能耗低且环境友好等优点备受关注。介绍了CO2膜分离技术的原理、传递机制、工艺流程,着重论述了国内外各种CO2膜分离技术的工作原理、研究现状,应用条件及优缺点,并对各种膜的发展方向进行了展望。