深部巷道组合钢架合理支护间距数值模拟研究

为确定深部巷道组合钢架合理支护间距,有效控制深部巷道围岩变形,提高巷道施工机械化水平,以焦作煤业集团赵固(新乡)能源有限责任公司赵固二矿11071工作面回风巷为研究背景,采用三维有限差分软件对深部巷道6种支护方案的围岩变形、应力和塑性区分布进行对比分析.结果表明:深部巷道围岩变形和塑性区分布受围岩局部让压效应影响显著;在巷道拱顶、拱底以及两帮与底板交接部位均易出现应力集中现象;巷道开挖引起的岩体破坏以剪切破坏为主.根据数值模拟试验得出了深部巷道组合钢架合理支护间距,优选出的最佳支护方案可以减缓围岩变形,改善围岩应力状态,减少围岩塑性破坏范围,从而提高深部巷道围岩的稳定性.     

脉冲电流对Al-4.5Cu合金定向凝固组织的影响

研究了脉冲电流对Al-4．5Cu合金定向凝固过程及组织的影响。结果表明，随着脉冲电流峰值和频率的增大，Al—4．5Cu合金柱状晶被熔断，形态由细条状变为不连续，失去其定向凝固的取向性；且柱状晶间距随电流峰值和频率的增大而减小。由脉冲电流的引入而产生的脉冲磁压力及焦耳热效应在固液界面处造成的强烈扰动是定向凝固组织失去取向性的主要原因。     

Analyzing Regional Inequality of Socioeconomic Development in China with Nighttime Light

Satellite\|derived nighttime light (NTL)data have been extensively used as an efficient proxy measure for monitoring urbanization dynamics and socioeconomic activity.This is because remotely sensed NTL signals can be quantitatively connected to demographic and socioeconomic variables.The recently composited cloud\|free NTL imagery derived from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)provides spatially detailed observations of human settlements.We quantitatively estimated socioeconomic development inequalities across 30 provinces andmunicipalities in mainland China using VIIRS NTL data associated with both regional gross domestic product (GDP)and population census data.We quantitatively investigated relations between NTL,GDP,and population using a linear regression model.Our results suggest that NTL have significant positive correlations with GDP and population at different levels.Several inequality coefficients were derived from VIIRS data and statistical data at multiple spatial scales.NTL\|derived inequality coefficients enabled us to elicit more detailed information on differences in regional development at multiple levels.Our study of provinces and municipalities revealed that county\|level inequality was more significant than city\|level.The results of population\|weighted NTL inequality indicate an obvious regional disparity with NTL distribution being more unequal in China’s undeveloped western regions compared with eastern regions.Our findings suggest that given the timely and spatially explicit advantages of VIIRS,NTL data are capable of providing comprehensive information regarding inequality at multiple levels,which is not possible through the use of traditional statistical sources.     

基于湿法氧化法测量放射性废树脂中3H和14C的方法

基于湿法氧化法对核电厂产生的放射性废树脂进行前处理,建立了树脂中³H和¹⁴C的测量方法,分析了影响方法回收率的因素,并对国内某核电厂废树脂中的³H和¹⁴C进行了测量。结果表明,H₂O₂浓度对方法回收率影响最大,在最优的氧化条件下,方法回收率达96.8%;³H和¹⁴C最小可探测比活度分别为41 Bq/g和1.3 Bq/g;¹⁴C测量结果与《生物样品中¹⁴C的分析方法 氧弹燃烧法》(GB/T 37865-2019)的测量结果相比,无显著性差异,¹⁴C测量精密度为10.2%。对国内某核电厂废树脂进行测量,³H和¹⁴C的平均比活度分别为（6 134 ±640） Bq/g和（2 724±147） Bq/g。     

盐+碱协同对多孔碳电极材料电化学性能的影响

超级电容器作为一类新兴的能量存储转换器件,因其充放电速度快、寿命长和安全环保的特点而受到推崇。其中,用于超级电容器的电极材料一直是人们的研究重点,综合原料来源、价格和制备工艺等因素,多孔碳电极材料成为首选。盐模板法和KOH化学活化法都是制备多孔碳电极常用的方法,前者产物的孔结构以介孔为主,但操作复杂;后者活化产物比表面积大,可以精确控制多孔碳电极的孔径分布和孔体积,但该法活化后的多孔碳多以微孔为主。若将两者结合,形成优势互补,协同构建合理的碳材料结构,有助于提升多孔碳电极的电化学性能。以锂电负极行业的固废——针状焦的生焦粉为原料,利用模板和化学活化相结合的方法制备电极材料,探索盐（KCl）和碱（KOH）的添加比例对碳电极材料电化学性能的影响。研究结果表明,两种方法相结合制备得到的多孔碳样品的碳结构以表面缺陷较多的无定型碳为主。随着KOH加入量的增加,无定型结构的碳增加,但是加入过量的KOH并不能提高无定型碳的含量。三电极测试分析发现,样品PC-2表现出优异的电容性能,在1 A·g^-1的电流密度下,质量比电容达到266.9 A·g^-1;在10 A·g^-1的高电流密度下,容量保持率高达79.4%。该电极材料的内阻仅为0.67 Ω,并且双电层电容性能有极短的响应时间。当m(生焦粉)∶m(KCl)∶m(KOH)=1∶3∶2时,KCl和KOH的协同活化效果达到了最佳,显著提高了碳电极材料电荷的传输能力,且能有效地缩短电解质离子在材料内部的扩散路径,表现出较快的充放电速度。     

考虑实际压缩效率的NH3/CO2复叠制冷系统热力学分析

为优化复叠制冷系统的运行参数,本文对NH3/CO2复叠制冷系统进行了热力学分析,搭建了NH3/CO2复叠制冷系统实验台,获得了部分工况点的实验数据,并与采用不同压缩机等熵效率经验公式的热力学分析结果进行对比及误差分析,最终采用与实验数据相吻合的压缩机等熵效率经验公式,对系统的最大性能系数、最佳中间温度及最优级间容量比随...     

指纹分割的块图像梯度因子聚类法

指纹识别系统的可靠性是以准确提取细节特征为前提,而现有的指纹分割方法并不能充分利用图像所携带的信息.通过引入块图像梯度因子和条件概率事件模型,实现了对指纹有效区域的提取.     

不同微结构Ti/TiN多层涂层的抗冲蚀性能研究

采用离子源辅助的真空多弧镀膜机在TC11基体上制备了不同层间结构的多层结构TiN/Ti涂层。研究了各涂层的微结构对涂层力学性能和抗冲蚀行为影响。研究发现与基体相比制备涂层后的试样冲蚀磨损率明显降低,最大降幅可达90%。不同微结构的TiN/Ti多层结构涂层的破坏形式与Ti金属层与TiN层分布有非常密切的联系,TiN较厚时整体硬度较高,涂层抵抗冲击破坏的能力强,裂纹不容易产生.经过冲刷试验后普遍呈现梯田型的冲刷痕迹,从冲刷坑中心部位向边缘部位延伸,涂层逐层脱落而造成冲蚀流失,没有出现整体脱落的情况。     

植物挥发油提取方法及应用研究进展

提取植物挥发油不仅对香料、食品、日用化妆品工业生产具有实用价值,而且对人类保健也有重要意义。本文总结回顾了水蒸气蒸馏,溶剂萃取,油脂吸收,压榨法等植物挥发油传统提取方法,并综述了多种现代分离技术在植物油提取中的应用研究进展,主要包括酶法、CO2超临界流体萃取、亚临界水萃取、超声波辅助提取、微波辐射、微胶囊-双水相萃取、同时蒸馏萃取及固相萃取等技术。     

Impaired hepatic autophagic activity in dairy cows with severe fatty liver is associated with inflammation and reduced liver function

The ability of liver to respond to changes in nutrient availability is essential for the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. Autophagy encompasses mechanisms of cell survival, including capturing, degrading, and recycling of intracellular proteins and organelles in lysosomes. During negative nutrient status, autophagy provides substrates to sustain cellular metabolism and hence, tissue function. Severe negative energy balance in dairy cows is associated with fatty liver. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatic autophagy status in dairy cows with severe fatty liver and to determine associations with biomarkers of liver function and inflammation. Liver and blood samples were collected from multiparous cows diagnosed as clinically healthy (n = 15) or with severe fatty liver (n = 15) at 3 to 9 d in milk. Liver tissue was biopsied by needle puncture, and serum samples were collected on 3 consecutive days via jugular venipuncture. Concentrations of free fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate were greater in cows with severe fatty liver. Milk production, dry matter intake, and concentration of glucose were all lower in cows with severe fatty liver. Activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and γ-glutamyl transferase were all greater in cows with severe fatty liver. Serum concentrations of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A were also markedly greater in cows with severe fatty liver. The mRNA expression of autophagosome formation-related gene ULK1 was lower in the liver of dairy cows with severe fatty liver. However, the expression of other autophagosome formation-related genes, beclin 1 (BECN1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 (PIK3C3), autophagy-related gene (ATG) 3, ATG5, and ATG12, did not differ. More important, ubiquitinated proteins, protein expression of sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1, also called p62), and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1LC3, also called LC3)-II was greater in cows with severe fatty liver. Transmission electron microscopy revealed an increased number of autophagosomes in the liver of dairy cows with severe fatty liver. Taken together, these results indicate that excessive lipid infiltration of the liver impairs autophagic activity that may lead to cellular damage and inflammation.