基于Matlab计算滚动轴承滚滑接触内部应力分布

滚动轴承服役过程中,因滚滑现象和残余应力的存在,使赫兹接触应力不能反映材料真实的受力状态,应力分布与实验现象存在一定的偏差,因此滚滑接触下材料的内部应力计算显得尤为重要。研究一种快速、简单的材料滚滑接触内部应力的计算方法,以替代耗时长的有限元法。以现有公式为基础,通过Matlab编程计算滚滑接触下材料内部的应力场;对比不同摩擦因数下2D、3D滚滑接触内部应力场的差别。结果表明:摩擦因数越大,最大剪切应力越大,位置越接近表面,与滚动方向的夹角越小;切向摩擦力使接触点两侧最大正交切应力大小及位置发生变化;随着摩擦因数增大,一侧应力值上升,位置靠近表面,另一侧反之。提出的计算方法简单、方便,其结果为解析解,便于与残余应力或其他应力结合求出真实应力场。通过实例分析发现,真实应力场能够更好地解释实验现象,对于轴承材料组织演变的研究有重要意义。     

控锻控冷工艺对GCr15轴承钢力学性能的影响

探究不同控锻控冷热处理工艺对GCr15钢力学性能的影响,测试了它的回火稳定性、冲击性能、滚动接触疲劳寿命。结果表明,采用控锻控冷工艺可提高试样的抗回火稳定性,冲击性能提高50%以上,接触疲劳寿命提高40%以上。     

马来酸酐酰化壳聚糖/天然橡胶复合材料的制备及其性能研究

采用胶乳共混法,分别以引发剂过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)、过二硫酸钾(KPS)、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)、硫黄体系(VS)为引发剂,制备马来酸酐酰化壳聚糖(MCS)/天然橡胶(NR)复合材料。试验结果表明:KPS和VS引发的MCS/NR复合材料凝胶较少;VS引发的MCS/NR复合材料的物理性能比过氧化物预硫化MCS/NR复合材料大幅提高;MCS/NR复合材料的亲水性、耐热性能和抗菌性能与NR相比明显提高,有望作为制备医用NR制品的材料。     

回火温度对40CrMoVNbTi钢组织和性能的影响

采用780℃亚温淬火和不同温度回火,探究回火温度对40CrMoVNbTi钢组织和力学性能的影响。对淬火不同温度回火40CrMoVNbTi钢的力学性能变化及显微组织和冲击断口断貌进行观察和分析。结果表明,780℃亚温淬火,随回火温度的提高,40CrMoVNbTi钢的强度下降,塑性呈上升趋势,300℃回火冲击吸收能量值最低,出现回火脆性。200℃回火组织为回火马氏体和残留奥氏体,其抗拉强度为2150 MPa,KV₂为23.8 J;550～600℃回火组织为回火索氏体,韧性较好,其抗拉强度为1190～1070 MPa,KV₂为94～123 J,满足AISI 4140钢的力学性能要求,具有较高的冲击性能。     

粗粒料试验中界面摩阻力的试验研究

土工试验中界面摩阻力的存在对试验成果的影响不可忽视,摩阻力影响到试验成果的可靠性,摩阻力的大小和减小摩阻力的措施是普遍关心的问题。目前,还没有一种很好的试验方法直接测定土体材料与加载结构(钢结构)间的摩阻力,并研究减小摩阻力的措施。为此,专门设计了一种试验设备,并针对粗粒料进行了系统的试验,探讨了界面摩阻力的试验方法、粗粒料界面摩阻力大小和某种减小摩阻力措施的有效性。试验表明,粗粒料与加载结构间的摩阻力与正应力成正比,摩擦系数达0.45左右,经一定"减摩"措施处理后,摩擦系数可降至0.1左右,要更大程度上消除摩阻力是一件非常困难的事。因此,在土工试验设备设计及试验成果整理中有必要考虑界面摩阻力这一影响因素。     

污泥双回流-厌氧/好氧/缺氧强化内源反硝化深度脱氮

目前,如何经济有效地实现低C/N生活污水深度脱氮仍是污水处理厂面临的一个重大挑战。理论上后置反硝化可以实现深度脱氮效果,但往往由于缺乏外碳源难以同时满足经济高效脱氮。本研究建立的新型污泥双回流-厌氧/好氧/缺氧(AOA)工艺有利于富集培养以Candidatus Competibacter为主的反硝化聚糖菌(DGAOs),能够开发与利用内碳源脱氮。该系统长期处理低C/N (3.2)实际城市生活污水,TIN去除率达91.81%,出水TIN浓度为4.36 mg·L^-1。此外,提高第二污泥回流量增加了缺氧区的MLSS同时提升了比内源反硝化速率,是深度氮去除的主要原因。随着去除效果的提升,充分的厌氧环境使得内碳源贮存量升高,脱氮效果呈现正向循环。二沉池底部产生的额外碳源随第二回流引入系统进一步强化脱氮。本研究阐明了污泥双回流-AOA系统节碳脱氮的原理与关键,为低C/N城市污水的脱氮效率提供了一种可行性。     

Organic removal by denitritation and methanogenesis and nitrogen removal by nitritation from landfill leachate

A system consisting of a two-stage UASB and anoxic-oxic reactor was used to enhance COD and nitrogen removal from landfill leachate. To improve denitrification efficiency, the raw leachate with recycled final effluent was pumped into the first-stage UASB (UASB1) to carry out simultaneous denitrification and methanogenesis. The results over 180 d show that the maximum organic removal rate in UASB1 and UASB2 was 12.5 and 8.5 kgCODm(-3)d(-1) in the oxic zone of the A/O reactor, respectively. The COD and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) removal efficiency of the system was 80-92% and about 99%, respectively. Without controlling temperature (17-30 degrees C) and dissolved oxygen (0.5-4.0 mgL(-1)), the maximum NH4+-N removal rate was 0.68 kg NH4+-Nm(-3)d(-1), and about 99% of NH4+-N removal was obtained by nearly complete nitritation. The 81-93% total nitrogen removal was obtained by complete denitrification in the UASB1 and in the anoxic zone of the A/O reactor. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of the sludge samples from A/O reactor showed that ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) consisted 4% of the eubacterium, while nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) counted less than 0.2% of that. The study shows that the main factors achieving and maintaining nitritation are a proper range of free ammonia concentration obtained by dilution recycled final effluent that inhibits NOB but not AOB; effective control on aeration time by indication of "ammonia valley" on pH profile; and highly efficient denitrification and its reproducing alkalinity to result in pH above 8.5.     

第五讲 与时俱进的电容器—陶瓷电容器

<正>1前言莱顿瓶的电容量太低是一个不争的事实,如何能提高电容器的电容量?可以通过减薄介质和电极的厚度,进而减小电容器的体积,时至今日大多数的电容器都是遵循这个思路而做;增加介质的相对介电系数是增加电容量的有效方法,也是电容器的发展方向;提高介质的介电强度是提高电容量的第三种方法。1900年意大利L,隆巴迪发明陶瓷介质电容器。1940年前后,人们发现了现在的陶瓷电容器的主要原材     

Thermoresponsive hollow magnetic microspheres with hyperthermia and controlled release properties

Thermoresponsive hollow magnetic microspheres consisting of a hollow magnetic core, a carbon shell, and a smart polymer layer are presented in this article. A carbon nanomaterial was used as a steric stabilizer for Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and a supporter for polymer. The thermoresponsive monomer, N‐isopropyl acrylamide, was grafted on the carbon‐encapsulate hollows by surface radical polymerization. The experimental results indicate that the composites had a phase‐transition temperature around 43°C and a saturation magnetization of 56.9 emu/g; this showed apparent thermosensitivity and magnetism. The performances in hyperthermia evaluated by an inductive magnetic field showed that the hybrid microspheres had a specific absorption rate of 240 W/g. The model drug, 5‐fluorouracil, was loaded in and released from the microspheres with different release rates at 35 and 50°C. This demonstrated that the as‐synthesized microspheres had a thermotriggered release ability and would be a good drug carrier in the biomedical field. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42617.     

橡胶促进剂M废渣在沥青路面工程中的应用技术研究

基于橡胶促进剂M废渣含有硫成分,高温易熔化、增塑的性能特点,主要从M废渣改性沥青、改性沥青稳定剂,及复合改性沥青三个应用技术层面,探讨了橡胶促进剂M废渣作为沥青添加剂应用于沥青路面工程的可能性,对比分析了M废渣在各个应用中存在的优缺点.结果 表明,橡胶促进剂M废渣可以以M废渣改性沥青、稳定剂、复合改性沥青三种方式应用于沥青路面工程.其中M废渣改性沥青推荐适用于县道、乡道等低等级公路,但不适用于高等级公路.M废渣可作为稳定剂并能显著提高改性沥青的储存稳定性,但用量有限,可作为资源化利用M废渣的辅助用途.M废渣和废胎胶粉联合使用制备的复合改性沥青,技术指标满足规范要求,并改善了废胎胶粉改性沥青的黏度衰减问题,同时可节省基质沥青,可作为资源化利用M废渣的主要用途.