基于模型参数辨识的串联补偿输电线路纵联保护原理

串联电容补偿设备的应用降低了超高压输电线路中差动保护的灵敏度,为解决此问题提出了一种基于模型参数辨识的纵联保护原理。以串补等值阻抗作为辨识参数,引入串补工频阻抗等值模型并结合线路分布参数模型,采用线路两侧电压和电流作为测量量构建了串补等值阻抗辨识方程。辨识阻抗在区外故障时等于串补等值阻抗,在区内故障时与串补等值阻抗有明显差异,基于此构成纵联保护判据。理论分析与仿真结果表明,该保护原理整定简单,可靠性高,受串补本体保护和系统运行方式的影响小,不受分布电容电流的影响。与传统差动保护相比,其保护灵敏度显著提高,可与差动保护配合构成完善的纵联保护方案。     

Development of a false alarm free, Advanced Loose Parts Monitoring System (ALPS)

An Advanced Loose Parts Monitoring System (its acronym is ALPS) has been developed and installed on each unit of the Paks Nuclear Power Plant, Hungary. ALPS uses sophisticated methods to identify the events hidden in the quite extensive background noise of nuclear power plants. A classification algorithm based on an expert system, which is trained during the start-up period of each fuel cycle, helps to improve the false alarm rate. Thus the false alarm rate was reduced to a minimum, statistically below 1%. In practice, even the remaining “false alarms” were identified to be originating from other noise sources using ALPS. The main principles of ALPS are presented. It is demonstrated, that even weak signals, comparable with the resolution of the analog-digital board, i.e. comparable with detection noises, can be identified at high certainty. Other events like vibration of the shaft of motor operated isolating valves have been identified by ALPS. Furthermore, experiences gained during the installation period are also discussed.     

固定式串联补偿装置在江苏500kV系统中的运行

介绍了江苏三堡500kV固定式串联补偿装置的主要一次元件和技术性能、串补装置继电保护的设置、人工接地试验以及装置的运行。     

基于改进RL模型的串联补偿线路单相接地 故障测距新算法

基于RL模型算法的测距式继电器是我国最早开发成功并获得广泛应用的微机线路保护继电器,但其直接应用在串联电容补偿线路中具有一定的局限性。基于此,针对常见的单相接地故障类型,给出了一种基于改进RL模型的串联补偿线路故障测距算法。该算法考虑了故障过程中MOV动作及串联电容对线路实际阻抗值的影响。与传统的串联补偿线路故障定位方法相比,该算法无需判断串联补偿装置是否在故障回路中,也无需知道串联补偿装置的相关参数和其具体工作状态,就能简单准确地实现串联补偿线路的故障测距。EMTDC/PSCAD和Matlab仿真计算结果表明,所提出的算法能够获得比传统算法更加准确的测距结果。     

基于双端量的串联补偿线路单相接地故障测距算法

针对串联补偿装置位于线路中间的情况,给出了一种基于双端量的串联补偿线路单相接地故障测距方法。该算法计及了故障过程中金属氧化物变阻器(MOV)的动作情况对线路实际阻抗值的影响,在无需知道串联补偿装置的相关参数和其具体工作状态条件下,就能准确地实现串联补偿线路的故障测距。利用EMTDC/PSCAD和MATLAB软件进行了仿真实验,实验结果验证了算法的有效性。     

Assessment of thermal aging embrittlement in a cast stainless steel valve and its effect on the structural integrity

This paper analyzes the thermal aging embrittlement occurred in a cast stainless steel valve, which is part of the reactor water clean-up (RWCU) system of a Spanish boiling water reactor (BWR) nuclear power plant. The aim is to estimate the current and future state of the material and the corresponding structural integrity of the valve. Given that there is no data available for the experimental characterization of the material, the evolution of the mechanical properties (fracture toughness, yield stress, flow stress and Ramberg-Osgood parameters) has been estimated using the ANL procedure.With the obtained estimations, the critical crack size has been calculated using the European procedure FITNET FFS and the ASME Code.This analysis considers not only the evolution of the mechanical properties up to now but also its future evolution in case there is a life extension of the plant until year 2029.     

A feasibility assessment of the use of nanofluids to enhance the in-vessel retention capability in light-water reactors

Nanofluids, colloidal dispersions of nanoparticles, exhibit a substantially higher critical heat flux (CHF) compared to water. As such, they could be used to enhance the in-vessel retention (IVR) capability in the severe accident management strategy implemented by certain light-water reactors. It is envisioned that, at normal operating conditions, the nanofluid would be stored in dedicated storage tanks, which, upon actuation, would discharge into the reactor cavity through injection lines. The design of the injection system was explored with risk-informed analyses and computational fluid dynamics. It was determined that the system has a reasonably low failure probability, and that, once injected, the nanofluid would be delivered effectively to the reactor vessel surface within seconds. It was also shown analytically that the increase in decay power removal through the vessel using a nanofluid is about 40%, which could be exploited to provide a higher IVR safety margin or, for a given margin, to enable IVR at higher core power. Finally, the colloidal stability of a candidate alumina-based nanofluid in an IVR environment was experimentally investigated, and it was found that this nanofluid would be stable against dilution, exposure to gamma radiation, and mixing with boric acid and lithium hydroxide, but not tri-sodium phosphate.     

串补线路故障点位置的模型识别方法

文中提出了一种判断串补线路单相接地故障时故障点相对于串联补偿电容位置的模型识别方法，该方法通过比较不同模型计算出线路电感值的离散度来识别故障位置。将该方法和传统的距离保护相配合，可以解决传统距离保护在串补线路中超越的问题，使得距离Ⅰ段可以按全线阻抗整定，而不必考虑电容的容抗，很大程度地提高了距离Ⅰ段的灵敏度。判别过程仅利用MOV导通前一段时间的暂态量数据，不受MOV非线性特性的影响，避开了MOV导通后串补电容上电压准确值难以获得的问题。该方法仅利用单端电气量，无需通讯通道；数字仿真结果表明：该方法具有很好的适应性，适合于各种电压等级、各种频率的系统，线路各处故障。     

不同介质中MOV小电流区特性研究

小电流区特性是金属氧化物阀片(MOV)检测和监测的基础,为监测好MOV,保证电力系统安全运行,试验研究了MOV在空气、变压器油和液氮3种介质条件下主要电气特性。结合优异降噪能力的小波和经典补偿法的试验数据分析表明油中阻性电流和全电流略小于空气中的,而液氮中的则明显小于空气中的,并得出了相应MOV的U-I特性曲线。还进一步讨论了变压器油、液氮相对于空气对MOV主要电气性能的影响及其机理。试验结论说明液氮对MOV微观肖特基势垒的作用,即宏观体现出来的电压负温度系数性质,明显强于变压器油对MOV的渗透作用,有利于MOV防老化和延长寿命。     

介损在线监测信号提取保护单元的研究

在高压容性设备末屏回路中串入分压测量电容器进行介损在线监测时，为防止末屏开路和抑制高压系统产生的过电压侵入到二次测量系统，研究抽取信号的保护单元是十分必要的。根据气体放电管和金属压敏电阻（MOV）的放电特性，提出了2种保护方案，并且对不同的方案进行了试验和分析，得出了一些具有实用价值的结论。