Simultaneous HPLC quantification of total cholesterol,tocopherols and β-carotene in Barrosã-PDO veal

A simple, rapid and sensitive procedure for the simultaneous determination of total cholesterol, tocopherols and β-carotene in meat is described. The method involves a direct saponification of the meat, a single n-hexane extraction and the analysis of the extracted compounds by normal-phase HPLC, using fluorescence (tocopherols) and UV–Vis photodiode array (cholesterol and β-carotene) detections in tandem. Rates of recovery of spiked meat samples were 93% for cholesterol, 83–86% for (α-, β- and -γ) tocopherols and 89% for β-carotene. Repeatabilities were high (CV < 6%) for all determined compounds, except for δ-tocopherol. This tocopherol, which is not usually present in meat, showed a much lower recovery percentage (73%) and repeatability (12.8%). This methodology was applied for the quantification of total cholesterol, tocopherols and β-carotene in three muscles (longissimus thoracis, longissimus lumborum and semitendinosus) of the Portuguese traditional Barrosã-PDO veal, obtained from autochthonous calves fed extensively during summer (with the least abundant green pastures) and slaughtered in early autumn (October). Barrosã-PDO veal showed median contents of total cholesterol (0.50–0.56 mg/g) and, depending on the analysed muscle, moderate to high contents of α-tocopherol (3.3–3.9 μg/g) and β-carotene (0.07–0.09 μg/g), suggesting an high sensorial and hygienic quality.     

牛物法PDO合成PTT结构与性能的研究

采用生物法1，3-丙二醇（PDO）直接酯化缩聚合成聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯（PTT），通过IR、^1H NMR、DSC和TG方法对其进行了表征，并与化学法PDO合成的PTT进行比较。结果表明，生物法PDO合成的产物是PTT；生物法PDO合成的肿比同一纯度的化学法PDO合成的肿色泽好、粘度大、摩尔质量高，且随PDO纯度提高，肿粘度、摩尔质量增大；生物法PDO合成的肿熔点与化学法PDO合成的肿相差不大，熔融峰比化学法PDO合成的肿尖锐，熔融热大，结晶度高；不同PDO合成的肿树脂热失重相差不大，表明PDO不同对肿热分解行为影响不大。     

合成对二氧环己酮

从工业化的制备角度考虑,通过对工艺路线的选择,确定了工业化合成对二氧环己酮（PDO）单体的最佳工艺路线——由β-羟基乙氧基乙酸盐合成,以氢氧化钠、乙二醇、氯乙酸钠为起始原料,合成的β-羟基乙氧基乙酸钠收率可达80.8%。通过对工艺条件的优化,确定了合成PDO关键步骤的最优条件,即盐酸与β-羟基乙氧基乙酸盐物质的量比为0.95∶1,反应温度为25℃,反应时间为40 min时,产物PDO收率最高。对产物的定性和定量分析表明,通过实验得到了PDO产品,最高收率可达66.2%,但纯度还未达到聚合条件,以后还需对其纯化方法作进一步的探索和研究。     

Quantitation of lysinoalanine in dairy products by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with selective ion monitoring

The unnatural amino acid lysinoalanine (LAL) has been identified in milk and cheese products by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/ESI/MS) with selective ion monitoring (SIM) of the 9-fluorenyl-methylchloro-formate (FMOC) derivative. LAL is not present in raw milk or derived from Mozzarella cheese; however, high amounts of LAL are found in calcium caseinate and milk powder. As expected, milk fortified with caseinate or whey protein powder produces cheese with higher LAL content. Our analytical procedure is based on the simultaneous detection of specific ion masses of the FMOC–LAL derivative and the N-ε-methyl-lysine internal standard. A linear relationship was observed within the 0.2–20 ppm concentration range, in addition to a high correlation coefficient and ∼3% relative standard deviation.     

Analysis of traffic accidents at urban intersections in Riyadh

Previous studies have shown that intersection-related accidents account for about 50% of all accidents registered annually in Riyadh, the capital of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). More than half of these accidents are classified as severe. In this study, an attempt was made to investigate traffic accidents that occurred at both intersections and non-intersection sites. The goal was to analyze the nature of such accidents to determine their characteristics so that remedies could be sought or at least future research could be suggested. For this purpose, a sample of 1774 reported accidents was collected in a systematic random manner for the period 1996-1998 (651 severe accidents (accidents resulting in at least one personal injury or fatality) and 1123 property-damage-only (PDO) accidents). Conditional probability and contingency table analyses were used to make inferences from the data. The study found that improper driving behavior is the primary cause of accidents at signalized urban intersections in Riyadh; running a red light and failing to yield are the primary contributing causes. The analysis indicates that there is an urgent need to review existing intersection geometry along with the traffic control devices installed at these sites. In addition, public education campaigns and law enforcement strategies are urgently needed.     

PDO和ENSO指数与三江源地区径流变化的相关关系研究

三江源地区是长江、黄河以及澜沧江的发源地。开展该地区水资源预测研究对于该区生态环境保护以及下游水资源合理规划与调配都具有重要意义。现对三江源地区5个主要水文站1957年-2005年的月径流序列,通过统计相关分析,探讨三江源地区径流变化、融雪径流时间变化与ENSO(El Nino-Southern Oscillation)、PDO(Pacific Decadal Oscillation)等大尺度气候信号月/月组合值的关系。研究表明,三江源的香达站(r=0.3,P=0.048)、直门达站(r=0.324,P=0.023)与唐乃亥站(r=0.367,P=0.009)年径流量与水文年前一年8月、9月SOI之和值在95%置信水平上存在正相关关系。香达站(r=-0.359,P=0.017)、唐乃亥站(r=-0.313,P=0.029)以及直门达站(r=-0.314,P=0.028)的月径流与相应前8个月的Nio3.4值呈显著负相关。三江源地区的5个水文站点的月径流都与相应的前第9个月的PDO值呈负相关,且都在95%置信水平上显著。三江源地区融雪径流时间与水文年前一年8月的PDO呈负相关,其中香达站(r=-0.359,P=...     

Polyphasic characterization of indigenous lactobacilli and lactococci from PDO Canestrato Pugliese cheese

A polyphasic approach, involving both genotypic and phenotypic analyses was used to characterize 33 isolates of lactic acid bacteria from the raw milk Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) Canestrato Pugliese cheese, in order to select candidate strains that can be used as autochthonous starter cultures in the dairy industry. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and clustering by the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) were used to evaluate the genotypic diversity, while phenotypic characterization was performed through miniaturized assays and traditional biochemical tests. Technological properties of major interest for cheese-making (acidification, tendency to lysis, proteolytic and peptidase activity) were also evaluated, and selected subset of data was statistically examined by the one-way ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer HSD test, to highlight strain-specific and species-specific differences among the isolates. A high degree of diversity appeared in the phenotypic and technological traits in opposition to a relatively low genotypic diversity. Although none of the isolates showed the best performances in all the activities, an appropriate mixture of strains could be selected for providing an efficacious autochthonous starter culture.     

Effect of slaughter season on fatty acid composition, conjugated linoleic acid isomers and nutritional value of intramuscular fat in Barrosã-PDO veal

This paper describes the influence of slaughter season on lipid content, fatty acid composition, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomeric profile and nutritional value of fat in Barrosã veal from calves reared according to the specifications of the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO). Barrosã purebred calves (n = 27) were raised in a traditional production system and slaughtered in early autumn (October) and late spring (June). Barrosã-PDO veal only presented seasonal differences in the levels of some minor fatty acids and CLA isomers, as well as in the PUFA/SFA ratio. Based on the analysed grass intake indicators, it was shown that veal-PDO has similar values to pasture-fed cattle for both slaughter seasons. From a human nutrition perspective, intramuscular fat in Barrosã-PDO veal has a high nutritional value throughout the year, since CLA contents and the percentages of the c9,t11 isomer are relatively high, and the n − 6/n − 3 ratios are within the recommended values for the human diet.