Comprehensive numerical investigations on the thermal performance of heat recirculating micro combustor with pin fins for micro-thermal voltaic system applications

Aiming at improving the relatively low energy output and energy conversion efficiency of the micro-thermal voltaic (MTPV) system, an innovative heat recirculating micro combustor with pin fins is designed. The effects of pin fins arrangement, hydrogen/air equivalent ratio on the energy output and performance of CHMC, HMCP and HMCI are compared and investigated. The result shows that when the V_in is 6 m/s and Φ is 1.0, the emitter power of CHMC is 72.76W, and that of HCMP and HCMI micro combustor are 75.99W and 76.35W. and the emitter efficiency of CHMC, HCMP and HCMI is 41.93%, 43.26% and 44.01%. HMCI has better energy output capability compared with CHMC and HMCP. Even though, HMCI brings a higher pressure drop, it is within the acceptable range. When the V_in is 6 m/s, the pressure drop from the pin fins only accounts for 26.4% of the total pressure drop for HMCI. Through the study of equivalent ratio, it is found that HMCI has good adaptability in different equivalent ratio range. This work provides new ideas for the development of MTPV system in the future.     

Transgenerational Effects of Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate on Anogenital Distance,Sperm Functions and DNA Methylation in Rat Offspring

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is widely used as a plasticizer in the manufacture of polyvinylchloride plastics and has been associated with concerns regarding male reproductive toxicity. In this study, we hypothesized that maternal exposure to DEHP induces transgenerational inheritance of adult-onset adverse reproductive outcomes through the male germline in the F1, F2, and F3 generations of male offspring. Pregnant rats were treated with 5 or 500 mg of DEHP/kg/day through gavage from gestation day 0 to birth. The offspring body weight, anogenital distance (AGD), anogenital index (AGI), sperm count, motility, and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) were measured for all generations. Methyl-CpG binding domain sequencing was performed to analyze sperm DNA methylation status in the F3. DEHP exposure at 500 mg/kg affected AGD, AGI, sperm count, mean DFI, and %DFI in the F1; AGD, sperm count, and mean DFI in the F2; and AGD, AGI, mean DFI, and %DFI in the F3. DEHP exposure at 5 mg/kg affected AGD, AGI, sperm count, and %DFI in the F1; sperm count in the F2; and AGD and AGI in F3. Compared with the control group, 15 and 45 differentially hypermethylated genes were identified in the groups administered 5 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg DEHP, respectively. Moreover, 130 and 6 differentially hypomethylated genes were observed in the groups administered 5 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg DEHP. Overall, these results demonstrated that prenatal exposure to DEHP caused transgenerational epigenetic effects, which may explain the observed phenotypic changes in the male reproductive system.     

在二(2-乙基己基)磷酸钠的微乳液中金属萃合物对水增溶的影响

测算了由二（2－乙基己基）磷酸钠，金属盐（CoSO4,NiSO4,ZnSO4,MgCl2或Cr(NO3)3)水溶液，正辛醇和正辛烷组成的微乳液中正辛醇从连续油相到界面的ΔGo→i^o和水的极限增容量φ'H2O。用金属萃取络合物反胶束的形成及其亲油性解释了金属离子对φ'H2O和ΔGo→i^o的影响。     

堇青石基玻璃陶瓷的制备与展望

介绍了制备堇青石基玻璃陶瓷的三种方法：熔融法、烧结法和溶胶-凝胶法，综述了玻璃组成、添加剂和成核剂对堇青石基玻璃陶瓷的烧结及性能的影响，并对其未来的发展进行了展望。     

离子静电水处理技术在循环冷却水中的应用

简要介绍了离子静电水处理技术杀菌、灭藻、防垢阻垢的机理，及在循环冷却水系统中的应用情况。     

在二辛基磷酸钠的微乳液中金属盐的最大含量

测算了二(2-乙基己基)磷酸钠(NaDEHP)或二(正辛基)磷酸钠(NaDOP)、正辛醇，正辛烷、水和金属盐(CoSO4、NiSO4、FeCl2、CuCl2和CaCl2等)组成的均匀单相微乳液中金属盐水溶液的极限增溶量(Vlim)和金属盐的最大含量(Smax)。相同条件下，NaDOP体系中的Vlim和Smax都比NaDEHP体系巾的高得多，这是因为NaDOP中的正辛基的空间位阻小。     

一步法合成硫化剂双25的新方法

报道一种有机过氧化物 2 ,5 -二甲基 -2 ,5 -双 (叔丁过氧基 )己烷 (简称双 2 5 )的合成新方法。研究了反应温度、过氧化氢浓度、反应物摩尔比以及反应物加入顺序对产品产率、品质的影响。该双2 5与硅橡胶硫化后的混炼胶物经各种性能测试 ,结果表明具有优良的性能     

横掠椭圆钉头管换热及流阻特性的实验研究

利用热质比拟原理及萘升华技术 ,对空气横掠椭圆钉头管时的对流换热及流阻特性进行了研究。对管面上及椭圆钉头上的对流换热系数分别进行了测量 ,通过计算得到总体换热系数及流动阻力的实验关联式。实验结果表明 ,椭圆钉头管的对流换热系数高于光管 ,在实验规定的雷诺数范围内 ,椭圆钉头管的流阻小于圆形钉头管 ,有时也低于光管     

Effect of partial replacement of di(2‐ethyl hexyl)phthalate,by a polymeric plasticizer,on the permeability and leaching properties of poly(vinyl chloride)

Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) was used as a polymeric plasticizer in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) for the partial replacement of di(2‐ethyl hexyl)phthalate (DEHP). The effect of this partial replacement on DEHP leaching from the PVC was evaluated at 10, 25, and 40°C. The study shows that the incorporation of NBR reduces the rate of DEHP leaching, the reduction being prominent at lower temperatures. Gas permeability of the NBR‐modified samples was also evaluated at the above temperatures using oxygen and carbon dioxide. A reduction in gas permeability is observed in NBR‐modified samples compared to the PVC plasticized with DEHP alone particularly in the case of carbon dioxide. Water vapor transmission rates of the NBR‐modified samples are higher than that of the control sample. The NBR‐modified PVC sample was found to be noncytotoxic in the in vitro cytotoxic evaluation both by direct contact and test on extract methods. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102:4720–4727, 2006     

SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2-Al_2O_3固体超强酸催化合成癸二酸二异辛酯

选择多种催化剂用于催化癸二酸和 2 乙基己醇合成癸二酸二异辛酯 ,研究了固体超强酸SO2 -4/TiO2 Al2 O3的催化性能 ,并考察了影响反应的因素 ,结果表明 ,适宜的反应条件为 :醇酸物质的量比为 3∶1;催化剂用量为 1.0g/mol癸二酸 ;带水剂甲苯为 10mL ;反应时间为 4 .5h ,酯化率达 98.5 %。