一种X煤在首钢的应用实践

针对当前优质炼焦煤资源越来越少，而高炉生产对焦炭质量指标要求越来越高的情况下，对具有低灰、高硫特点的X煤进行了系统的炼焦试验研究。结果发现，在炼焦生产中合理配加5%～8%的X煤不会造成焦炭硫分升高的不利影响，焦炭灰分下降明显，强度保持稳定。该研究成果成功应用于首钢炼焦生产，焦炭各项指标均达标，这不仅扩大了炼焦煤的使用范围，而且在资源使用方面为公司焦炭灰分的降低提供了支持。     

Rational Designs for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries with Low Electrolyte/Sulfur Ratio

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered a promising next-generation energy storage device owing to their high theoretical energy density. However, their overall performance is limited by several critical issues such as lithium polysulfide (PS) shuttles, low sulfur utilization, and unstable Li metal anodes. Despite recent huge progress, the electrolyte/sulfur ratio (E/S) used is usually very high (≥20 µL mg⁻¹), which greatly reduces the practical energy density of devices. To push forward LSBs from the lab to the industry, considerable attention is devoted to reducing E/S while ensuring the electrochemical performance. To date, however, few reviews have comprehensively elucidated the possible strategies to achieve that purpose. In this review, recent advances in low E/S cathodes and anodes based on the issues resulting from low E/S and the corresponding solutions are summarized. These will be beneficial for a systematic understanding of the rational design ideas and research trends of low E/S LSBs. In particular, three strategies are proposed for cathodes: preventing PS formation/aggregation to avoid inadequate dissolution, designing multifunctional macroporous networks to address incomplete infiltration, and utilizing an imprison strategy to relieve the adsorption dependence on specific surface area. Finally, the challenges and future prospects for low E/S LSBs are discussed.     

Deposition of UF5 on the surface of steel material having oxide coating in contact with gaseous UF6

When UF6 is handled in leak tight system, the amount of uranium compound formed on the surface of containers, valves, and others in UF6 handling facilities is not so significant for a short term that special attention has not been given to this problem. The present work was done to throw some more light on this problem based on the recent experiment. We discuss the possibility that the intermolecular transfer of a fluorine atom from UF6 to UF5 may participate in the formation of uranium compound. The discussion includes also the unique features contained in the experimental result, the reaction processes assumed in this problem, and the derivation of a rate equation for expressing the deposition of uranium compound. Furthermore, we propose a new method for determining nonlinear parameters included in a governing differential equation having two variables for expressing the deposition of uranium compound from experimental raw data.     

Selective Analysis of Sulfur-Containing Species in a Heavy Crude Oil by Deuterium Labeling Reactions and Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry

A heavy crude oil has been treated with deuterated alkylating reagents (CD₃I and C₂D₅I) and directly analyzed without any prior fractionation and chromatographic separation by high-field Orbitrap Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry (FTMS) and Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) using electrospray ionization (ESI). The reaction of a polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs) dibenzothiophene (DBT), in the presence of silver tetrafluoroborate (AgBF₄) with ethyl iodide (C₂H₅I) in anhydrous dichloroethane (DCE) was optimized as a sample reaction to study heavy crude oil mixtures, and the reaction yield was monitored and determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-NMR). The obtained conditions were then applied to a mixture of standard aromatic CH-, N-, O- and S-containing compounds and then a heavy crude oil, and only sulfur-containing compounds were selectively alkylated. The deuterium labeled alkylating reagents, iodomethane-d₃ (CD₃I) and iodoethane-d₅ (C₂D₅I), were employed to the alkylation of heavy crude oil to selectively differentiate the tagged sulfur species from the original crude oil.     

改炼高含硫原油扩能改造中蒸馏装置的防腐蚀措施

介绍了金陵分公司常减压蒸馏装置改炼高硫原油扩能改造中采取的防腐蚀措施,主要有:①在易腐蚀部位选用耐腐蚀材料或复合材料;用螺杆压缩机回收三顶(常压塔顶、浅减压塔顶和深减压塔顶)气进行系统脱硫,彻底解决三顶气燃烧对炉管和热管的腐蚀以及对环境的污染问题.②施工中加强易腐蚀部位的焊缝检测和施工监督.③及时、合理调整"一脱三注"的化学药剂用量;高温部位增注高温缓蚀剂.④全员参与防腐蚀管理.⑤应用先进腐蚀在线监测系统和塔顶回流罐或产品罐pH值在线监测系统.该装置从2004年7月10日投产以来运行良好.     

由含硫原油生产Ⅰ类润滑油基础油中的问题

论述了由含硫原油生产Ⅰ类润滑油基础油的重要性,并介绍了由含硫原油生产Ⅰ类润滑油基础油加工过程中存在的问题,认为并非由含硫原油不能生产优质的基础油,而是我国现有的基础油生产装置是按加工大庆原油设计,不能完全适合加工含硫原油的需要,所以应适当改造。例如:增加丙烷脱沥青的溶剂比,用加氢补充精制代替白土精制等,此外,在含硫原油生产基础油时,对原油也应适当选择。     

MIP汽油性质及其深度加氢脱硫性能的研究

分析了我国典型炼油厂FCC汽油硫含量和烯烃含量的变化情况,将MIP汽油[采用多产异构烷烃FCC工艺(Maximizing Iso-Paraffins)生产的汽油],与常规FCC汽油的性质进行了比较,介绍了用OCT-M技术(FCC汽油选择性加氢脱硫技术)对MIP汽油进行深度加氢脱硫的研究情况,包括加工方案的比较、反应压力的影响.结果表明,OCT-M FCC汽油选择性加氢脱硫技术可以将烯烃体积分数为31%的MIP汽油的硫质量分数由664 μg/g降低到50 μg/g以下,研究法辛烷值损失0.7～1.7,OCT-M技术能够为我国炼油厂由MIP汽油生产符合欧Ⅳ标准的清洁汽油提供灵活、经济的技术解决方案.     

渣油中硫化物类型分布与化学转化性能

用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）定量研究了Athabasca渣油及其加氢裂化渣油，流化焦化渣油中的硫化物类型，用超临界流体萃取分馏将3种渣油分别分离成9－14个窄馏分及残渣，测定其中的硫醚，噻吩，亚砜和砜类硫原子的分布，讨论了加氢裂化和热裂化反应脱除硫化物的反应性能。     

SO2转化温度异常情况分析

结合凤山实业总公司硫酸车间 SO2 转化系统的具体工艺流程 ,分析近几年转化系统出现温度不正常的原因 ,提出解决方法     

含葡萄糖基水溶性硫化黑的合成

本文以C.I.硫化黑1为原料,经葡萄糖还原成隐色体后,再与葡萄糖缩合,合成出含葡萄糖基水溶性硫化黑。合成方法分别采用了焙烘法和水介质中合成。结果表明,水介质中合成的含葡萄糖基水溶性硫化黑溶解度好于焙烘法。