Extracellular Vesicles Tune the Immune System in Renal Disease: A Focus on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus,Antiphospholipid Syndrome,Thrombotic Microangiopathy and ANCA-Vasculitis

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are microparticles released in biological fluids by different cell types, both in physiological and pathological conditions. Owing to their ability to carry and transfer biomolecules, EV are mediators of cell-to-cell communication and are involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases. The ability of EV to modulate the immune system, the coagulation cascade, the angiogenetic process, and to drive endothelial dysfunction plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of both autoimmune and renal diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of EV in the control of renal homeostasis by acting as intercellular signaling molecules, mediators of inflammation and tissue regeneration. Moreover, circulating EV and urinary EV secreted by renal cells have been investigated as potential early biomarkers of renal injury. In the present review, we discuss the recent findings on the involvement of EV in autoimmunity and in renal intercellular communication. We focused on EV-mediated interaction between the immune system and the kidney in autoimmune diseases displaying common renal damage, such as antiphospholipid syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, thrombotic microangiopathy, and vasculitis. Although further studies are needed to extend our knowledge on EV in renal pathology, a deeper investigation of the impact of EV in kidney autoimmune diseases may also provide insight into renal biological processes. Furthermore, EV may represent promising biomarkers of renal diseases with potential future applications as diagnostic and therapeutic tools.     

高级计划与排程在MTO型企业中的应用研究

高级计划与排程是一种基于约束理论面向供应链的生产计划与排程工具，APS软件系统从ERP系统获取基础数据进行生产排程，再将排程结果送到ERP和生产系统中执行。本文在分析MTO型企业生产计划制定实施关键流程的基础上，对APS在企业生产排程中的应用方法进行了深入研究，同时探讨了系统集成的体系架构和关键实现技术。     

CMOS有源图像传感器的最新研究进展

由于CMOS有源图像传感器在单片集成、系统功耗、价格以及微型化方面都大大优于CCD,近年来得到较快进展,特别是其抗辐射的性能,使其在空间应用方面尤其具有优势.介绍了CMOS有源图像传感器的原理、性能和研究进展,重点介绍了在空间领域,特别是星敏感器中的研究进展和应用现状.     

电力通信系统中的SDH自愈环组网及其应用探讨

SDH环形网络因其具有自愈能力的优点,常常用于电力系统中继网和重要的长途骨干网的建设,因而如何更好地解决环网的安全性问题则至关重要。文章简要介绍了基于SDH传输机制的自愈环保护系统,包括基本概念、工作原理、性能比较以及应用范围。具体阐述了SDH自愈环组网应用中存在的一些实际问题,并探讨了相应的技术措施和解决方法。     

梯度热障涂层热冲击性能研究

采用等离子喷涂的方法,分别获得了２ｍｍ ＺｒＯ２－ＮｉＣｒＡｌ和ＺｒＯ２－Ｎｉ／Ａｌ系梯度热障涂层。热冲击实验结果表明,两种涂层具有不同的失效机理。ＺｒＯ２－ＮｉＣｒＡｌ系的失效是由于基于基体氧化引起的涂层整体脱落;而ＺｒＯ２－Ｎｉ／Ａｌ系的失效是支径向裂纹扩展到Ｎｉ／Ａｌ底层氧化共同作用的结果。     

大起大落重又崛起的APS

ＡＰＳ单反相机在１９９７年问世，ＡＰＳ表现出优良的画面质量，使得消费者在对它冷落一段时间之后不得不进行重新评价。另外，提出了ＡＰＳ在中国所遇到问题，如缺少冲扩店，胶卷价格贵等。     

出现电势谱元素灵敏度的比较测定

对一些元素的出现电势谱（APS）进行了比较测定，给出了8种元素的APS相对灵敏度因子，那些具有较高空态密度的元素，如镧系元素、锕系元素和3d过渡金属中的大部分，其APS灵敏度较大。     

1 000 MW二次再热超超临界机组分散控制系统关键技术研究及应用

在分析二次再热机组控制难点的基础上,介绍了1 000 MW二次再热超超临界机组国产自主化分散控制系统关键技术的研发,包括机组分散控制系统的设计及技术特点,机组协调控制技术,汽温控制技术,旁路控制技术及机组自启停（APS）控制技术。示范工程的应用表明,该分散控制系统性能稳定可靠,各项性能指标达到或优于设计值,机组实现了启停全程控制自动化。     

纳米铁酸锌(ZnFe2O4)的表面改性

采用化学修饰方法,以二氧化硅为内层修饰材料,r-氨丙基三甲氧硅烷(APS)偶联剂为外层修饰材料,对磁性ZnFe2O4纳米粒子进行了双层修饰。并采用XRD、IR、Zeta电位对未包裹粒子,二氧化硅包裹的磁纳米粒子,APS和二氧化硅双层包修饰的纳米磁粒进行表征。同时也比较了三种粒子的耐酸性能。结果显示硅包裹的纳米磁粒Zeta电位明显向酸性方向移动,而双层的纳米磁粒Zeta电位向碱性方向移动。包裹的纳米磁粒在pH2.0的酸中具有很好的耐酸性能,而未处理的纳米粒子在酸溶液中发生了溶解。     

The Fiber Protection Method for Network Management System by APS Scheme

In fiber network, the NMS accurately distinguishes the fault point of the optical loss of signal between fiber breaks and equipment faults. The method of using protection and restoration is another important matter which can effectively enhance the reliability of the Internet and lower the chances of disconnection. Although the protective function of the SDH/SONET ring is intact, the APS （automatic protection system） function of SONET cannot work well on star network. Therefore, in this paper we extend the function of NMS from error diagnosis to protection and restoration.