Understanding the differences between how novice and experienced designers approach design tasks

Research was undertaken to understand how to provide the most appropriate support for novice designers in engineering design. However, how designers apply their experience and knowledge is not understood and further research in this area is required. This paper describes an observational study to understand how novice and experienced designers approach design tasks. Electronic Publication     

浅析勘察设计企业的经济效益问题

简要的分析了勘察设计企业的经济效益问题 ,初步探索了该类企业提高经济效益的方法与途径     

Onset of buoyancy-driven convection in melting from below

When a horizontal homogeneous solid is melted from below, convection can be induced in a thermally unstable melt layer. In this study the onset of buoyancy-driven convection during time-dependent melting is investigated by using similarly transformed disturbance equations. The critical Rayleigh numbers based on the melt-layer thickness are found numerically for various conditions. For small superheats, the present predictions approach the well known results of classical Rayleigh-Bénard problems, that is, critical Rayleigh numbers are located between 1,296 and 1,708, regardless of the Prandtl number. However, for high superheats the critical Rayleigh number increases with an increase in phase change rate but with decrease in Prandtl number.     

软交换技术发展现状

介绍了国际软交换技术的现状，采用软交换技术的下一代网络提供的业务，从事软交换研究的国际组织及软交换技术发展中存在的问题。     

Indoor Air Quality: Exploring Policy Options to Reduce Human Exposures

Deciding between the different policy approaches available for reducing human exposures to indoor pollutants is an exceptionally complex task. These options can range from waiting until more definitive information is available to enacting regulatory standards, with many variations in between. This paper presents some of the factors policy-makers must consider in establishing indoor air quality policies, and the role researchers should play in ensuring that indoor air policies are based on the best available scientific information.     

谈土工合成材料的推广应用

土工合成材料具有反滤、排水、防渗、护岸防冲、土体加固和隔离作用。文章介绍了土工合成材料的现状和前景及土工合成材料的类别、应用范围、最后阐述了它在推广应用中遇到的问题，并提出了建议。     

井站安全培训之问题与对策

目前采气井站的安全教育培训工作取得了一定成绩,但也存在不少问题。针对这些问题,提出了3点对策建议:制定长期系统的安全培训计划;建立教育培训信息反馈机制;培训方法不断改进与创新。     

The effects of case libraries on problem solving

Abstract The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of providing access to a case library of related stories while undergraduates solved ill-structured problems. While solving complex food product development problems, the experimental group accessed experts' stories of similar, previously solved problems; the comparable group accessed fact sheets (expository representation of stories' content); and the control group accessed text selected at random from a textbook dealing with issues unrelated to the stories. On multiple-choice questions assessing processes related to problem solving (prediction, inferences, explanations, etc.), experimental students out-performed the comparable and control groups. Performance on short-answer questions also assessing problem-related skills was not significantly different, in part because of test fatigue. Analysis of interviews identified a number of factors that students used in deciding how to apply their study strategies, including causal factors, grounding phenomenon, grounding in context, and outcomes.     

东营深层盐膏层钻井液工艺

胜利油田东营深层盐膏地层发育,盐膏段厚度大,分布范围广,地层岩性十分复杂,钻井中经常发生喷、漏、塌、卡,遇阻、划眼、电测遇阻等井下复杂事故。郝科1井是在该区设计的一口重点深探井,宅钻井深5807.81m,井底最高温度230℃。介绍了深层盐膏层钻井液体系的转化工艺、性能控制、维护处理、防漏、堵漏、固相控制、抗污染和钻具缓蚀等技术,以及MMH聚合物饱和盐水钻井液在郝科1井的成功应用。结果表明,该钻井液在高密度下对盐膏层具有较强的抑制性、悬浮携砂性和抗污染性,抗温220—230℃。MMH聚合物饱和盐水钻井液体系及其配套技术满足了深层盐膏层钻井施工需要。