快速凝固铝硅合金粉末加热过程中硅颗粒的粗化行为

利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、电子显微镜等设备对Al-12.8%Si合金粉末的原始状态及热处理后的状态进行了分析。发现其显微组织有两个连续的变化过程:在156℃时,固溶在基体Al中的过饱和Si开始析出,并在340℃发生粗化,随着加热温度的升高,粗化现象仍然存在。另外,对Si颗粒的粗化机理进行了研究,发现其粗化符合经典的LSW理论。     

共格沉淀相粗化行为的计算机模拟研究

将微观弹性应变能理论和微观扩散方程相耦合，建立起时效过程微观晶格动力学模型。对溶质浓度为14at％的二元立方点阵模型合金的共格沉淀粗化行为进行模拟。研究发现：该合金沉淀机制以形核长大为主，兼有失稳分解特征；由于共格失配，沉淀相为片状，趋于沿弹性软化方向排列。其粗化作为伴随过程进行，位于软方向上的颗粒继续长大和粗化，位于软方向外的颗粒逐渐消失；而位于同一行或列上的颗粒则遵循：小颗粒溶解，大颗粒长大。     

TiAl基合金在快速加热循环热处理过程中的结构失稳

观察了快速加热循环热处理过程中发生的4种结构失稳现象：形成二次层片组织、原始层片球化、晶界处非连续粗化、相界形核。通过比较连续加热与等温加热条件下的相转变开始线，探讨了连续加热与等温加热条件下结构失稳机制的异同。提出了快速加热循环热处理过程中避免结构失稳的途径：确保合金成分均匀，使各区域相变温度一致；使最高温度下的保温时间尽可能短。     

12Cr1MoV钢高温时效过程中组织结构的演变

用Larson-Miller参数对12CrlMoV钢进行了在不同温度与时间的高温时效模拟，研究了其显微组织和亚结构的演变。光学显微镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜的观察分析表明，在时效过程中的主要组织结构变化是珠光体的消散与分解，碳化物从固溶体中脱落，碳化物粗化并向晶界转移以及晶粒长大。同时，位错密度下降并结成位错网络。这些持续而缓慢的变化符合热力学驱动力与扩散动力学规律。     

Effects of γ/γ interfacial structures on continuous coarsening of lamellar microstructure in TiAl alloy during aging

The effects of γ/γ interfacial structures on continuous coarsening of the fully lamellar microstructure in Ti-48Al alloy aged at 1 150 ℃ were investigated by using transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Continuous lamellar coarsening can be achieved not only by migration of interface faults(such as ledges, edges and curved interfaces) but also by migration and decomposition of perfect γ/γ lamellar interfaces. Thermal grooves, initiative positions of interfacial dissociation, can frequently form at the triple point junctions between the 120°-rotational ordered γ domain boundaries within γ lamellae and the lamellar interfaces. During the early stage of aging at 1 150 ℃, the interface migration and dissociation took place preferentially at the 120°-rotational ordered lamellar interfaces. Comparing the relative thermal stability of the true-twin, pseudo-twin and 120°-rotational ordered γ/γ lamellar interfaces shows that the 120°-rotational ordered lamellar interface is the most unstable. The reason of this phenomenon was analyzed through the comparisons of the interfacial energies and atomic arrangements of the three types of γ/γ lamellar interfaces.     

Ti-6Al-4V钛合金相颗粒粗化动力学及形貌变化

以Ti-6Al-4V钛合金为例，研究了韧性双相合金不同温度保时相颗粒变化情况。结果表明，在α相颗粒粗化的同时，还伴随着α相形貌由“短棒状”向等轴状转变。在800℃和600℃保温时，α相颗粒粗化机制均为Al原子从其他α相颗粒中沿晶界或相界以一维扩散的方式转移到粗化的相颗粒上来。α相颗粒形貌的改变，分为两个阶段，第一阶段为颗粒内部物质的转移为主；第二阶段为其他α相颗粒物质沿晶界或相界扩散到颗粒比较短的方向上以使该颗粒等轴化。对于800℃保温，第一阶段为颗粒内部Al原子以晶格扩散的方式转移；600℃时，颗粒内物质的转移则沿晶界或相界以一维扩散为主。     

二次硬化合金钢中多组元强化相M2C碳化物的粗化动力学研究

高Co—Ni超高强度合金钢在482℃等温回火处理，首先析出渗碳体，回火30min后，针状合金碳化物M2C以共格方式从基体α—Fe中析出．回火时间延长到10h以上，M2C仍与基体间保持良好的共格关系，该共格关系会随过时效而失去．高分辨电镜观察表明，M2C的尺寸r和回火时间t接近r^2αt关系，明显偏离扩散控制的三次方关系的经典LSW粗化理论，对相近的合金钢材料有关M2C析出动力学实验数据进行分析得到相似的结论．这不仅和第二相碳化物的形态有关，还与多组元扩散的体系相关，表明经典理论不完全适合多组分的碳化物粗化行为从经典扩散理论出发，考虑针状沉淀相多元扩散问题，得到的针状相粒子粗化方程与实验结果吻合.     

Characterization of centrifugally atomized Al-12Si-5Fe-3Cu-1Mg(wt%) alloy powder and extruded rod

The Al-12Si-5Fe-3Cu-1Mg(wt%) alloy was rapidly solidified by centrifugal atomization. The microstructural characteristics of rapidly solidified powder and the microstructure changes with heat treatment were investigated in terms and related to powder size. The microstructures of the powder consisted of dendritic -Al, eutectic phase, Cu-rich phase, and needle-like intermetallic compounds. These phases were much finer than that of ingot cast structure and the size decreased with increasing cooling rate. The X-ray diffraction of the atomized powders revealed the presence of non-equilibrium 3-(AlFeSi) intermetallic phase. This phase appeared to transform to an equilibrium -(AlFeSi) phase by heating at temperatures above 470°C. The extruded rod which was hot extruded at 360°C with an extrusion ratio of 40:1 also revealed the presence of the -(AIFeSi) intermetallic phase. Using DSC, the exothermic peak due to precipitation from the supersaturated -Al matrix was observed in the range of 200–250°C during continuous heating of atomized powder, and the size of the peaks increased with decreasing powder size.     

有第二相粒子阻碍的晶粒粗化元胞自动机模拟

采用元胞自动机算法模拟晶粒粗化过程中第二相粒子的阻碍现象。通过CA法,在考虑第二相粒子阻碍的晶粒粗化过程中模拟了其动力学、拓扑学及形态学的演化,并研究了温度及时间对粗化过程的影响。模拟结果显示:考虑第二相粒子,晶粒的粗化动力学指数接近3,而不是2;但是拓扑学特征与理想条件的粗化相同,即晶粒边数为6的晶粒占的比例最大,其次为五边形和七边形,而晶粒边数为3或10的晶粒所占比例很低,约为5%左右;CA法模拟晶粒粗化过程组织形态演化表明,随着保温时间的增加或温度的升高,晶粒平均尺寸在增大。模拟结果与相关文献中的结论相同,表明了本文CA模型的可靠性。     

Coarsening of boron carbide grains during the infiltration of porous boron carbide preforms by molten silicon

This work investigates the coarsening of boron carbide grains during the infiltration of porous boron carbide preforms by molten silicon with respect to fabrication of reaction-bonded boron carbide ceramics. Experimental results reveal that the shape of boron carbide grains evolve from the irregular shape to faceted shape due to dissolution-precipitation during infiltration. For infiltration temperatures below 1750 °C, the boron carbide grains are irregular and exhibit an unimodal size distribution, which can be ascribed to the normal grain growth. The growth of the irregular grains follow a cubic law of diffusion control. In contrast, for infiltration temperatures above 1750 °C, the boron carbide grains become faceted and exhibit a bimodal size distribution, indicative of the typical abnormal grain growth. The abnormal growth of faceted grains is proposed to be controlled by coalescence-enhanced two-dimensional nucleation.